【作者】 王芳； 肖少北；

【Author】 WANG Fang;XIAO Shao-bei;College of Psychology,Hainan Normal University;

【机构】 海南师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 汉语歧义消解认知加工的研究方法主要有非即时加工实验方法与即时加工实验方法两种方法。非即时加工实验方法主要指行为实验法,其指标多为反应时,采用的范式主要有词汇判断任务、意义适合性判断任务、句子验证任务、跨通道启动任务、移动窗口技术等,侧重于刺激材料的呈现以及实验任务的设置。其中,跨通道启动任务的基本要求是以听觉方式呈现刺激材料,以视觉方式呈现探测词,可以与其他多任务范式结合使用。而即时加工实验方法则主要采用眼动记录技术和事件相关电位脑电记录技术,侧重于即时测量被试所作反应及相应的脑电效应,为汉语歧义消解加工过程提供即时测量数据。无论是非即时加工实验方法中的各种经典实验范式,还是即时加工实验方法中眼动记录技术和脑电技术,都为汉语歧义消解认知加工的研究工作提供了有效工具,但也各有其局限性。未来的研究可选择将非即时加工实验方法和即时加工实验方法结合使用,以避免或减少单一方法局限性所带来的研究结论的不确定。同时,也可尝试应用正电子发射断层摄像术与功能性磁共振成像术,有助于将行为数据与生理数据结合起来,更加准确地揭示汉语歧义消解认知加工过程的规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are two main research methods in cognitive processing of Chinese ambiguity resolution: off-line measures and on-line measures. The off-line measures mainly refer to the behavioral experimental methods, whose indicator is mostly reaction time. The paradigms adopted mainly include word judgment task, meaning suitability judgment task, sentence verification task, cross-channel initiation task, mobile window technology, etc., focusing on the presentation of stimulus materials and the setting of experimental tasks. Among them, the basic requirement of cross-channel initiation task is to present the stimulus materials in auditory mode and probe words in visual mode,which can be combined with other multitask paradigms. The on-line measures mainly adopt eye movement recording technology and event-related potential recording technology, focusing on the on-line measurement of the subjects’ responses and corresponding electroencephalogram effects, and providing on-line measurement data for the processing of Chinese ambiguity resolution. Both the classical experimental paradigms in the off-line processing experimental methods and the eye movement recording technology and event-related potential recording technique in the on-line processing experimental methods provide effective tools for the research of Chinese ambiguity resolution cognitive processing, but each has its own limitations. Future research may choose to combine the off-line processing experimental methods and the on-line processing experimental methods, in order to avoid or reduce the limitations of single method research. At the same time positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging can also be used to combine behavioral data with physiological data, so as to reveal more accurately the rules of cognitive processing in Chinese ambiguity resolution.更多还原