【作者】 曹斐臻； 曾珂； 李婉悦； 刘燊； 张林； 徐强；

【Author】 CAO Feizhen;ZENG Ke;LI Wanyue;LIU Shen;ZHANG Lin;XU Qiang;Department and Institute of Psychology,Ningbo University;School of Medical Humanities,Capital Medical University;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China;

【机构】 宁波大学心理学系暨研究所； 首都医科大学医学人文学院； 中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院；

【摘要】 预期在个体知觉过程中起着重要作用。面部表情作为重要的知觉目标,总是出现在一个场景中,这使人们能够根据一定的规律对面部表情产生预期。然而,很少有研究从预期的角度关注场景对面部表情加工各个阶段的影响。本研究利用事件相关电位,探讨情景预期对早期和晚期面部表情加工的影响。此外,我们还使用认知任务来操纵认知负荷,以干扰基于场景的预期。在每个实验试次开始时,都会呈现一幅场景图片(积极的,消极的),以期诱发个体对之后面部表情的预期。结果显示:在认知资源充足的条件下,当场景与面孔的情绪效价一致时,面孔诱发的N170波幅较大,而当面孔不一致时,面孔诱发的N400波幅较小;而在认知负荷条件下,则没有这种差异。这表明,预期对面部表情识别的影响存在于面部表情加工的早期和后期阶段,当个体的认知资源被不相关的任务所占用时,预期对面部表情识别的影响会减弱。由于面部表情在现实生活中的感知不是孤立的目标,而是整个场景,本研究的发现不仅有利于我们了解预期发生作用的认知过程,而且对我们理解真实现实世界的面部表情知觉具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Prior expectations play an important role in the process of individual perception. Facial expressions, as important perceptual targets, almost always appear within a scene which enable individuals to generate predictions of facial expressions based on this conditional probability. However, few studies paid attention to how scenes impact various processing stages of facial expressions in the perspective of expectation. In the present study, using event-related potential, we investigated the influence of scene-based prediction on early and late facial expression processing. In addition, we used a cognitive task to manipulate cognitive load, to interfere with scene-based prediction. In each trial, a scene picture(positive, negative) at the start of each sequence was presented, implying the type of facial expressions that will occur later. The results indicated that under the condition of sufficient cognitive resources, faces elicited larger N170 amplitudes and smaller N400 amplitudes when the emotional valences of the scenes and faces were congruent than when the emotion valences of faces were incongruent. However, in the condition of cognitive load, there was no such difference. The results suggested that the effect of expectation on facial expression recognition existed both in the early and late stages of processing facial expressions, and the effect of expectation on facial expression recognition would be weakened when an individual’s cognitive resources were occupied by unrelated tasks. Since perception of facial emotion in the real life is never of isolated targets, but always of entire scenes, these findings are important not only for tracking the cognitive processes of expectation, but for our understanding of real-world facial expression perception in general.更多还原