【作者】 徐璐璐； 贺雯；

【Author】 Xu Lulu;He Wen;Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine;Shanghai Normal University;

【机构】 上海交通大学医学院； 上海师范大学；

【摘要】 元刻板印象是指个体关于外群体成员对其所属群体所持刻板印象的信念或看法。以往研究发现消极元刻板印象的激活会产生一系列的消极情绪和认知效应,但关于消极元刻板印象激活的认知神经机制尚缺乏探索。本研究将以高校中的弱势群体——贫困大学生为被试,首次借助ERPs技术,采用经典Stroop颜色命名任务,对消极元刻板印象激活的时间进程及其认知机制进行了探讨。实验通过让被试根据不同指导语写形容词的方式,操纵了"消极元刻板印象激活组"和"控制组"两种条件,以红绿颜色词为靶子,字体颜色和字义关系构成一致和冲突两类靶子词,记录了37名贫困大学生被试对靶子词进行颜色判别的行为反应和脑电(ERPs)。结果发现:(1)消极元刻板印象激活组比控制组诱发出更大的P2、N2和EFP(early frontal positivity)波幅,表明在第一个阶段,即P2和N2阶段,消极元刻板印象激活表现出一种自动化加工特征;在第二个阶段,即EFP阶段,表现出一种控制性加工特征。(2)相比控制组,消极元刻板印象激活组在300ms左右的脑电波更正,说明消极元刻板印象激活有自我加工优势效应。研究表明消极元刻板印象激活是一种双阶段加工模型,且具有自我加工优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Metastereotype refers to a person’s beliefs regarding the stereotype that out-group members hold about their own group. The model of intergroup anxiety argues that negative metastereotype generates threat by creating negative expectations on the behavior of out-group members. Adopting priming Stroop paradigm, the present study aimed to investigate the pattern and the neural correlates of metastereotype activation by recording both behavioral and ERP data. Thirty-seven young participants(20 female) were recruited in this study. All participants were asked to write some negative descriptive adjectives to evoke negative metastereotype or not based on different instructions.Afterwards, participants were randomly assigned to either the negative metastereotype activation condition or the controlled condition. This study was organized into a 2×2 design. The first factor was the group type, consisting of 2 levels, the second factor was the target type. In the experimental program, the target stimuli were color-words generally attributed to red or green, font-color and font-meaning words constituted congruent and incongruent situations. Each trial began with the presentation of a fixation cross presented for 500 ms and then the target word appeared for 200 ms until participants responded; randomly selected inter-trial intervals(ITI) between 600 and 800 ms separated next trial from the response. Participants had to indicate by pressing one of two buttons whether the targeted words’ color and they were instructed to response as quickly as possible but avoid mistakes. ERPs results indicated that the P2, N2 and EFP(early frontal positivity) amplitudes were significantly affected by the group types,that is to say, compared with the control group, the P2, N2 and EFP amplitudes in the negative metastereotype activation group were significantly more greater, which showed that negative metastereotype activation was a two-stage processing model. In the first stage, the P2 and N2 stage, is the preliminary processing of negative metastereotypes activation, showing the characteristics of an automatic process. In the second stage, the EFP stage, is the deep processing of negative metastereotypes activation, showing the characteristics of a controlled process. In addition, compared with the control group, the brain amplitudes around 300 ms in the negative metastereotype activation group were more positive, indicating that the negative metastereotype activation has a self-processing advantage effect. These results suggest that the negative metastereotype activation is a two-stage process, and has the self-processing advantage effect. The two-stage processing model has important theoretical and social significance for further exploring the processing process of metastereotype activation.更多还原