【作者】 李嘉雯； 张逸斐； 陈海平；

【Author】 Jiawen Li;Yifei Zhang;Haiping Chen;Faculty of Psychology Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 北京师范大学心理学部；

【摘要】 职业兴趣是兴趣在职业选择活动中的表现,职业兴趣测验是一种对职业兴趣进行理性分析和应用探讨的有效方式,讨论职业兴趣测验不仅对个人学习工作和事业发展具有积极意义,而且对高校人才培养和社会人力资源管理有着显著的应用价值。本文从主要应用场景与需求、国内常见测评工具、现有工具存在的问题、开发需求与未来应用趋势四个方面讨论了我国职业兴趣测验的开发与应用。在应用场景与需求方面,职业兴趣测验主要应用于高中自主选科、高考志愿填报、职业生涯规划、入岗就职和人力资源管理等多种场景。在国内常见测评工具方面,本文以职业兴趣测验的发展进程为线索,从心理测量角度对国内常见测量工具进行整理和概括。国内职业兴趣测验的研究开始较晚,20世纪90年代前以引进和修订国外Holland等人的职业兴趣测验为主,意识到文化适应性问题后,后期以研发本土化测验工具为主。现有工具存在的问题方面,本文提出了信效度检验问题、测验编制问题、测验对象与用途问题、质与量的权衡问题。在开发需求与未来应用趋势方面,本文独创性地提出职业兴趣测验的开发与应用需顺应革新趋势、细分趋势、综合趋势与毕生发展趋势。革新趋势是指以适应时代变化为目的而进行职业兴趣种类的横向拓展,如结合人力资源社会保障部于2020年发布的9个新职业,以更迭职业兴趣的维度;细分趋势是指为已有特定职业兴趣的个体进一步提供更细致的职业内分类;综合趋势是指将职业兴趣量表与职业价值观、职业性向、职业性格、职业自我效能感等其他职业量表结合,以形成完整的、综合的职业评估体系;毕生发展趋势是指构建出一套纵向职业兴趣测评工具,包含中学生版、大学生版、求职版等纵向系列,使用连贯性较强且统一的术语进行描述与预测,以满足随年龄变化前后一致的测量需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vocational interest is the expression of interest in vocational choice, and vocational interest assessment is an effective way to rationally analyze and apply vocational interest. Vocational interest assessment not only has the positive significance to the individual study and career development, but also has the remarkable application values to the talent cultivation and the social management. This paper discusses the development and application of vocational interest assessment in China from four aspects: main application scenarios, common assessment tools, problems of current tools, and future trends of assessment. Vocational interest assessment is applied in many scenarios, such as independent subject selection in high school, college major selection, career planning, and human resource management. Based on the development process of vocational interest assessment, this paper summarizes the common assessment tools in China from the perspective of psychological measurement. The original research on vocational interest assessment in China started late. Before the 1990 s, Chinese researchers mainly introduced and revised the vocational interest scales of Holland. After realizing the problem of cultural adaptability, in the later stage,Chinese researchers developed domestic vocational interest scales. With regard to the problems of existing instruments, this paper puts forward the problems of reliability and validity tests, test construction, test objects and usage, and the tradeoff between quality and quantity. In terms of future trends, this paper proposes that the development and application of vocational interest assessment should follow the trends of innovation, subdivision,integration and lifelong development. The innovation trend refers to the horizontal expansion of vocational interest categories for the purpose of adapting to the changes of times. For example, utilizing from the nine new occupations released by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in 2020, the dimension of vocational interest should be changed. The trend of subdivision refers to the further provision of more detailed intra-vocational classification for individuals with specific vocational interests. Integration trend represents the combination of vocational interest assessment with other vocational assessments like vocational values, vocational aptitudes,vocational personality and vocational self-efficacy to form a comprehensive vocational assessment system. Lifelong development trend refers to the establishment of a set of vocational interest assessment tools, including time longitudinal series such as middle school student edition, college student edition, job application edition and other longitudinal editions. All editions should use consistent and unified terms to describe and predict vocational interest,in order to meet the needs of consistent assessment with age.更多还原