【作者】 潘运； 李萌萌； 杨环瑜； 张建； 七十三；

【Author】 Yun Pan;Mengmeng Li;Huanyu Yang;Jian Zhang;Shisan Qi;Guizhou Normal University;Zunyi Normal College;Inner Mongolia Normal University School of Psychology;

【机构】 贵州师范大学； 遵义师范学院； 内蒙古师范大学心理学系；

【摘要】 提取诱发遗忘是在对信息进行回忆时,与目标信息相关联的信息提取失败回忆受损的一种的遗忘现象。然而对提取诱发遗忘现象的解释普遍存在两种不同的理论。抑制理论,提取诱发遗忘现象是由于在根据某一具体线索对目标信息进行回忆提取时,对与该线索相关的信息的抑制而产生的。在线索被呈现时,与该线索有关的信息会同时被启动,因此为了能够顺利的提取目标信息,避免其他相关信息的相互竞争和干扰,就会对相关信息进行抑制,抑制会减少相关信息对目标信息提取的影响。另一方面抑制理论认为提取诱发遗忘不受项目之间、线索之间或项目于线索之间的关联改变的影响,只是因为关联项目被抑制而引起提取诱发遗忘现象。干扰说来源于干扰反应竞争理论,认为在对项目信息进行提取练习时,加强了线索与项目之间的关联,相反,没有进行提取练习的项目与线索之间的联系就被干扰,甚至出现阻断。即在提取练习时Rp+项目得到了加强,而Rp-项目则没有被强化,且可能由于这种加强反而阻碍了Rp-项目的提取,对Rp-项目产生干扰导致Rp-项目的提取回忆成绩低于Nrp项目。干扰说认为提取诱发遗忘效应不必须产生抑制作用,提取线索与项目信息之间的链接减弱或被阻碍就能产生提取诱发遗忘现象。本文根据抑制理论提出的提取诱发遗忘的属性:提取依赖性、强度独立性、干扰依赖性以及线索独立性四个方面对提取诱发遗忘的两个理论进行讨论。随后总结出两种理论在不同场景及背景下可能都对提取诱发遗忘现象产生影响,两个理论解释可能是共存的,并在遗忘研究的基础之上探讨两个理论各自解释了不同层面对于提取诱发遗忘的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Retrieval-induced forgetting refers to a forgetting phenomenon that when recalling information, the information related to the target information fails to be extracted and memory is impaired. However, there are two different theories to explain the oblivion caused by Retrieval. According to the inhibition theory, the phenomenon of Retrieval induced forgetting is caused by the inhibition of the information related to a specific clue when recalling and extracting the target information. When the clue is presented, the information related to the clue will also be activated at the same time. Therefore, in order to extract the target information smoothly and avoid the competition and interference of other related information, the related information will be suppressed and the influence of the related information on the target information Retrieval will be reduced. On the other hand, inhibition theory holds that Retrieval-induced forgetting is not affected by the change of items, clues or items associations among clues, but only because related items are inhibited. The interference theory comes from the interference response competition theory, and it is considered that the connection between clues and projects is strengthened when extracting project information. On the contrary, the connection between items and clues without Retrieval exercises will be interfered or even blocked. That is to say, Rp+ projects have been strengthened, but Rp-projects have not been strengthened, which may hinder the Retrieval of Rp-projects and interfere with Rp-projects, resulting in the recall score of Rp-projects being lower than that of Nrp project. According to the interference theory, the Retrieval-induced forgetting effect does not have to be inhibited, and the link between the Retrieval clue and the item information is weakened or blocked,which can lead to the Retrieval-induced forgetting phenomenon. According to the inhibition theory, two theories of forgetting induced by Retrieval are discussed: Retrieval dependence, strength independence, interference dependence and clue independence. Then, it is concluded that the two theories may have an impact on Retrieval-induced forgetting phenomenon in different scenes and backgrounds, and the two theories may coexist. Based on forgetting research, it is discussed that the two theories explain the influence of different levels on Retrieval-induced forgetting.更多还原