【作者】 陈静；

【Author】 CHEN Jing;

【机构】 华北电力大学法政系；

【摘要】 改革开放四十年来,城乡殊异的儿童福利供给困局、社区支持乏力、福利政策基层执行体系建设的滞后、家庭结构的变迁和亲属保障功能减弱,以及孤儿群体构成的复杂化导致以政府为责任主体的孤儿社会保护制度面临挑战。我国在延续政府社会救助行政和民间慈善助孤传统基础上,探索社会治理创新和儿童福利供给的结合,实现孤儿社会保护制度应对现实挑战的创新型构。共治型儿童福利供给模式旨在整合多元主体的优势力量拓展孤儿与社会相连的网络,通过物质救助和精神供给双重保护淡化孤儿在困境童年的负面情感体验,增强孤儿的社会适应能力。政府应树立服务型政府理念,完善对民间孤儿院的儿童照管能力和福利供给质量的评估体系,督促民间孤儿院转变行动策略,从重视"儿童救助数量"到提升"儿童福利供给质量",专注于儿童保护能力建设,完成从传统的"家庭化"生存模式到规范内部治理结构的转变,以"集体之家"的情感支持和安全保障弥补孤儿在血脉至亲温情哺育方面的心理缺失,促进孤儿的社会参与,让孤儿接受包括组建家庭生活方面的社会教育,为孤儿提供学习成长和融入社会的空间。更多还原

【Abstract】 Government controlled orphan social protection system is facing challenges,because of urban and rural welfare supply dilemma, community support, grass-roots welfare policy implementation system backward forty years of reform and opening up. On the basis of continuing the government’s social relief administration and tradition of non-governmental charitable assistance to orphans, China has explored combination of social governance innovation and child welfare supply to realize the innovative structure of orphan social protection system to meet realistic challenges. " children welfare supply of Co-governing " aims at expanding network connectness through integration and cooperation of dominant force,which weaken negative emotional experience of in difficult childhood through dual protection of material assistance and spiritual supply,and enhance social adaptability of orphans.Government should establish concept of service-oriented subject,improve quality evaluation system of children’s care and welfare supply, urge non-governmental orphanages to change their action strategy, focus on construction of children’s protection ability, attach importance from "quantity of child assistance" to "quality of child welfare provision", complete transformation from the traditional "family" survival mode to standardized internal governance structure,let emotional support and security of the "collective home" compensate for psychological deficiency in blood-to-kinship nurturing.It should promote social participation,and make orphans to accept social education, including formation of family life,and provide space for orphans to learn, grow and integrate into society.更多还原