【作者】 甘志强； 孙祥娥； 易碧金；

【Author】 GAN ZhiQiang;SUN XiangE;YI BiJin;School of Electronics and Information,Yangtze University;Equipment department of BGP,CNPC;

【机构】 长江大学电子信息学院； 东方地球物理公司装备服务处；

【摘要】 深层地质目标的复杂性使其对采集地震勘探资料的品质有着更高的要求,往往需要更大规模、更高密度的采集,而深层反射"弱信号"与外界环境"强干扰"会在很大程度上影响采集地震数据的信噪比。同时,山地、密林、黄土塬区、城区等复杂地表条件也为高精度、高效率的地震勘探带来新的挑战。地震仪器作为当前地震勘探的有效工具,直接关系到物探采集资料的品质,施工作业的效率和成本。目前,在野外地震勘探施工时,用于控制炮点激发的源同步控制系统一般采用单个"编码器"和多个"译码器"的控制架构,但由于无线通讯技术、支持"译码器"数量的限制,使其激发效率无法满足超大规模勘探施工采集的要求,在很大程度上影响了复杂地表区深层地震勘探的实施效果。现用的G3i、508^XT、UniQ等有线仪器在系统稳定性、实时带道、故障自适应处理、高效采集控制等方面得到显著提升,同时也出现了节点仪器、无线仪器等用于解决地震勘探过程中某些特定问题的各类采集设备,这些设备一般采用24位或32位Δ-∑模数转换芯片拾取地震信号,普遍具有1 Hz以下低频信号的采集能力,动态范围也能够达到120dB以上,有助于来自深层的弱振动、低频信号的拾取。但是,面对20万道级甚至更大勘探作业规模时,现有地震仪器技术仍有尚待提升的空间。最后,结合以"高密度、宽方位、多波"为特征的物探技术主流发展方向,指出地震仪器将向着实现"低成本、高效率、高精度"的方向发展,应当具有高精度地震数据采集能力、超大道数采集能力（能够满足各种线距和道距要求）、超大排列管理能力和强大的数据处理能力,并能够支持基于卫星定位和授时技术的高效作业方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The complexity of the deep geological target makes it more demanding for the quality of seismic data acquisition,which often requires larger and higher-density acquisition,and the "weak signal" of deep reflection and "strong interference" of the external environment will largely affect the signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired seismic data.At the same time,complex surface conditions such as mountains,dense forests,loess tableland areas,and urban areas also bring new challenges for high-precision and high-efficiency seismic exploration.As an effective tool for seismic exploration,seismic instrument is directly related to the quality of the acquired data and the efficiency and cost of construction operations.At present,the source synchronization control system adopts the control architecture of a single "encoder" and several "decoders".However,the shooting efficiency cannot meet the requirements of large-scale exploration due to the limitation of wireless communication technology and the number of "decoders",which largely affects the deep seismic exploration effect in complex surface areas.G3 i,508 XT,UniQ and some other existing cabled system have been significantly improved in terms of system stability,real-time banding,fault adaptive processing,and efficient acquisition control,etc.At the same time,nodal and wireless system have emerged to solve some specific the seismic exploration problems.These devices generally use 24-bit or 32-bit △-∑ADC to pick up seismic signals,and generally have the ability to acquire low-frequency signals below 1 Hz,and the dynamic range can also reach more than 120 dB,which helps to pick up weak and low-frequency signals from deeper layers.However,the existing seismic instrumentation technology still has room for improvement when facing 200,000 channels or even larger scale exploration operations.Finally,combining with the mainstream development direction of geophysical exploration technology characterized by "high density,wide orientation and multiple waves",it is pointed out that seismic instruments will be developed in the direction of "low cost,high efficiency and high accuracy",and should have high accuracy seismic data acquisition capability,ultra-large aperture acquisition capability(capable of meeting various line and channel distance requirements),large arrangement management capability and powerful data processing capability,and can support efficient operation based on satellite positioning and timing technology.更多还原