【作者】 孙丽君； 胡理； 任桂琴； 杨玉芳；

【Author】 Lijun Sun;Li Hu;Guiqin Ren;Yufang Yang;CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Department of Psychology,Liaoning Normal University;

【机构】 中国科学院心理研究所； 辽宁师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 音乐是情绪的语言,人们通过音乐调节情绪、舒解压力,并在音乐中获得快乐。音乐为何具有如此强大的情绪力量?"音乐无他,张弛而已",紧张-放松是音乐最直接的情绪体验,是音乐音响与听者情绪之间的桥梁,构成音乐情绪产生的前提和基础。由于层级性结构是音乐的重要特征,本研究通过操纵不同时间尺度上音乐层级结构的完好性,控制并分离声学因素,探讨音乐层级结构对听者紧张感体验的影响。本研究以接受多年专业训练的音乐家为对象,采用脑电技术(Electroencephalogram, EEG)和行为反应两种方法,实时追踪听者对结构完好、低水平以及高水平层级结构违反的和声序列的紧张感加工。研究结果发现,在行为方面,音乐层级结构的违反不仅会导致紧张感的增加,而且随着时间的展开表现出情绪累加效应。在脑电方面,伴随紧张感体验的增加,音乐层级结构违反诱发了更高的整体场电位,更大波幅的N5成分,以及更低的额部alpha (8–13 Hz)能量。除此之外,与低水平音乐层级结构违反相比,高水平的音乐层级结构违反诱发了持续时间更长的alpha能量降低。本研究首次考察了音乐层级结构对紧张感的动态影响及其潜在的神经机制,表明音乐层级结构与紧张感加工的密切关系,揭示了音乐层级结构对情绪体验的推动作用。该研究结果有助于完善音乐情绪的理论建构及其实践应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tension is one of the core principles evoking musical emotion through linking objective musical events and subjective experience. The present study used continuous behavioral measure and electroencephalogram(EEG) technique to investigate the dynamic process of tension experience and the underlying neurocognitive mechanism. Twenty-four musicians were required to make continuous and real–time judgments of felt tension on sequences with well–formed structure, high-level and low-level hierarchical structure violation at different time scales. The behavioral data showed that the violation of hierarchical structure gave rise to the increasing and accumulative tension experience. Associated with tension experience, higher global field power, larger N5 effect and decreased power in alpha frequency band(8–13 Hz) were elicited. Furthermore, compared to the low–level violation, the decrease of alpha power in the high–level condition lasted for longer, reflecting higher tension(emotional arousal) and more orienting responses induced by the violation of high–level hierarchical structure. Our results demonstrated the important role of hierarchical structure in the processes of tension induction, and provided evidence of neural correlates of tension.更多还原