【作者】 徐步霄； 杨沈龙； 李静； 李晔； 郭永玉；

【Author】 Buxiao Xu;Shenlong Yang;Jing Li;Ye Li;Yongyu Guo;School of Psychology,Central China Normal University;Institute of Social Psychology,School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Xi’an Jiaotong University;School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University;

【机构】 华中师范大学心理学院； 西安交通大学人文社会科学学院社会心理学研究所； 南京师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 应得感又称心理权利,指的是个体觉得自己应该比他人得到更多,或者比他人更有权利获得优待的感觉。过往许多研究发现,社会阶层较高者比社会阶层较低者有着更高水平的应得感。但也有一些研究得到相反的结果。根据相关理论,本文推测系统合理信念可能对社会阶层与应得感的关系具有调节作用。系统合理信念是一种对现存系统是否公正合理的信念,它取决于个体对社会系统公平合理程度的实际感知以及个体的系统合理化动机。当系统合理信念水平较高时,高、低阶层者会倾向于认为自身当前地位是较为公正合理的,因此阶层地位越高,应得感就越高;而当系统合理信念水平较低时,高、低阶层者则会倾向于认为自身当前地位是较不公正合理的,劣势群体可能会有更高的权利诉求。基于此,两项研究考察了系统合理信念对社会阶层与应得感的调节作用。研究一对669名社会人士进行了问卷调查,结果发现,对于系统合理信念较高者,社会阶层与应得感呈正相关,而对于系统合理信念较低者,社会阶层与应得感呈负相关。研究二通过对128名大学生的一项实验,得到了相似的结果:只有在系统合理信念较高组,高阶层组的应得感显著高于低阶层组,而在系统合理信念较低组,高、低阶层组之间应得感的差异不显著。这表明,较高的系统合理信念是让较高阶层者具有更高应得感的重要条件,它可能阻碍着社会公正的实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sense of entitlement can be defined as a pervasive sense that one deserves more and is entitled to more than others. Two studies examined the relationship between social class and sense of entitlement and how this relationship is moderated by SJB. In Study 1, we conducted a survey among adults(N = 669) with results showing that social class was positively correlated with sense of entitlement for those endorsing SJB, but negatively correlated with sense of entitlement for those opposing SJB. In Study 2, we conducted an experiment among undergraduates(N = 128) with both social class and SJB being primed and the results replicated the pattern: the positive effect of primed higher social class on pay entitlement existed only for those primed with high SJB, and was dampened for those primed with low SJB. Therefore, SJB is a necessary mindset for higher-class individuals to feel more entitled, and it may impede the realization of social justice.更多还原