【作者】 林靖凯； 涂冬波；

【Author】 Lin Jingkai;Tu Dongbo;School of psychology,Jiangxi Normal University;

【机构】 江西师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 本研究的主要目的是开发生命意义感计算机化自适应测试(CAT-MLM),并探讨其对传统纸笔测试信度和测量精度的提高。本研究以964名考生的真实回答数据为基础进行了两个实验。实验一:重点开发了CAT-MLM。本实验是在项目反应理论框架下进行的。首先,选取了四份被广泛使用的生命意义量表构建初始项目库。然后,根据IRT的几个重要假设(单维性、局部独立性等)和几个选题策略(项目功能差异,项目拟合度检验),剔除一些不好的项目。通过这些步骤,构建出包含69个项目的最题库。之后对964名真实测试者的CAT过程进行模拟,验证了CAT-MLM的性能和有效性。结果表明,随测量精度的提高,CAT-MLM的平均用题量、边际信度和效标关联效度均增加,平均误差随测量精度的提高而降低。只要测量精度控制在SE(θ)<0.3,就能保证边际信度在0.90以上;使用SE(θ)<0.3终止规则估计出的特征值与使用整个题库估计出的特质值之间的相关系数达到0.90以上。并且CAT-MLM具有较好的效标关联效度。实验结果表明,CAT-MLM有良好的信度和效度,所采用的算法是可行的、科学的、有效的。实验2:讨论了在相同项目长度下,CAT-MLM提高了传统纸笔测验的测量精度和测量信度。与传统的纸笔测验量表相比,CAT-MLM的测量误差和边际信度存在显著差异。通过比较两种不同测量方法对所有考生的测验信息量曲线,发现与传统的纸笔测量相比,CAT-MLM极大地提高了生命意义感水平低于-2的极端考生的测验信息量。总体结果表明,CAT-MLM不仅具有较好的测量信度和效度,而且大大减少了用题量,可以在不损失测量精度的前提下,大大减轻测试负担,提高测试效率;在相同项目长度下,CAT-MLM可以显著提高传统纸笔测试的可靠性和测量精度。综上所述,计算机自适应测试为高效、高精度的生命意义感测量提供了一个新的视角和技术。CAT-MLM可以很好地弥补传统纸笔测试的不足。利用CAT-MLM的高效率和高精度,可以对大学生进行定期普查。通过这一措施,可以及时发现极度缺乏生活意义的个体,尽早干预以防止悲剧的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main purpose of this study is to develop a Computerize Adaptive Test of Meaning of Life Measure(CAT-MLM), and to discuss its improvement on the reliability and measurement accuracy of traditional paper-pencil test. This study is based on the real data of 964 examinees’ respondence. The 964 examinees came from all over China and completed paper or electronic questionnaires. In this study, two experiment were carried out. Experiment 1: it focused on the development of computerized adaptive test of meaning of life. This experiment is under the framework of Item Response Theory(IRT). Firstly, four well-known life meaning of life scale were selected to form the initial item bank of CAT-MLM. Afterwards, delet some bad items according to several important assumptions of IRT(single dimension, local independence, etc.), and several item-select strategies(discrimination, item-fit, etc.). Through these steps, 69 items left to form the item bank of CAT-MLM. Then simulate 964 real examinees’ CAT processes and verified the performance and effectiveness of CAT-MLM. Results show that CAT-MLM average use number of items, marginal reliability and criterion related validity will be increase with the increase of the accuracy of measurement, and the mean error is decreased as accuracy of measurement increasing. As long as the measurement accuracy is controlled at SE(θ)<0.3, the marginal reliability is guaranteed to be above 0.90. The correlation coefficient between the trait value estimated by using SE(θ)<0.3 as the termination rule and the trait value estimated by using the whole item bank is above 0.90. And CAT-MLM has the good calibration standard correlation validity. The results of this experiment show that CAT-MLM has good reliability and validity, and the algorithm adopted by CAT-MLM is feasible, scientific and effective. Experiment 2: it discussed under the same item-length, CAT-MLM has improved the measurement accuracy and measurement reliability of the traditional paper-pencil meaning of life scale. Compared with the scale of traditional paper-pencil test, there are significant differences in both measurement error and marginal reliability of CAT-MLM. After comparing the test-information of all examinees between two different measurement methods, it was found that compared with the traditional paper-pencil measurement, the information of the extreme examinees with meaning of life lower than-2 was greatly improved by CAT-MLM. Overall results show that CAT-MLM not only has better measurement reliability and validity, but also greatly reduces the amount of items, so it can greatly reduce the test burden and improve the test efficiency without losing the measurement accuracy. Under the same item-length, CAT-MLM can significantly improve the reliability and measurement accuracy of traditional paper-pencil tests. In summary, computerized adaptive test provide a new perspective and a new technology for high-efficient and high-accurate measurement of life.CAT-MLM can well make up for the defects of traditional paper-pencil test. By taking advantage of the high efficiency and high accuracy of CAT-MLM, regular census can be conducted for college students. Through this measur, individuals who are extremely lacking in meaning of life can be found in time, and early intervention can prevent tragedies.更多还原