【作者】 王予灵； 黄希庭；

【Author】 Wang Yuling;Huang Xiting;Faculty of Psychology,Research Center for Psychology and Social Development,Southwest University;

【机构】 西南大学心理学部西南大学心理学与社会发展研究中心；

【摘要】 和谐是中华文明的核心价值观之一,也是社区价值观的重要组成部分。深入到社区实际中,了解公众对社区和谐的所思、所感、所行,不仅对《社区心理学》教材的编写具有重要意义,而且有利于提高社区治理的针对性。基于上述考虑,为探究公众对社区和谐的理解,西南大学社区心理学研究团队于2019年7月1日至7月20日在成都、安阳、南京、苏州、湖州、诸暨等地的13个社区进行实地访谈。遵循目的性取样的原则,便利抽取27位受访者(18位社区居民,9位社区工作人员;19名女性,8名男性;平均年龄52.41岁,标准差15.30岁),以社区和谐"是什么"为核心,结合"横向""纵向"的比较,兼及"为什么""怎么样",进行深入的半结构化个体访谈。对访谈记录的初步研究结果如下:(1)在社区和谐的表现形式上,多数受访者感触最深的是居民与居民之间的和谐、居民与社区之间的和谐;内涵特点上,社区居民侧重"团结""互助",社区工作人员则强调"稳定""配合";心理感受上,受访者最凸显的经验是"舒服""高兴""幸福";实现手段上,主要是居民积极参与社区牵头组织的各类活动,如:文体活动、公益活动和志愿活动。(2)从横向的亲疏关系看,不同亲疏程度的和谐各具特点,多数受访者认为关系越亲近越容易产生和谐;从纵向的等级关系看,受访者普遍认为"社区领导干部与群众的和谐"和"居民之间的和谐"差异不大,这主要有赖于社区领导干部的基层特色:"草根""亲民""没有架子";从纵向的年龄关系看,社区的中老年人与青年人接触机会较少,多数受访者表示同龄人之间更容易和谐,与其他年龄段的人则存在"代沟";从纵向的时间层面看,受访者普遍提到:相比过去,现在的社区更和谐。(3)受访者普遍认为社区和谐有利于增进个体幸福、优化社区治理、促进社会稳定,建设和谐社区需要国家、社区、居民的共同努力。总体而言,多数受访者认为"和谐社区"是一个大概念,是一种理想追求,"社区和谐"相对是一个小概念,是对社区实际的描述,具有团结、互助、稳定、配合等特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Harmony is one of the core value in Chinse culture. And it is also an important part of community value. Going deep into the reality of community and understanding the public’s thoughts, feelings and actions on community harmony are not only important for the compilation of the textbook "Community Psychology", but also conducive to improving the pertinence of community governance. Based on the above considerations, to explore the public’s understanding of community harmony, Southwest University Community Psychology Research Team conducted field interview in 13 communities of Chengdu, Anyang, Nanjing, Suzhou, Huzhou and Zhuji from July 1 to July 20, 2019. Following the principle of purposeful sampling, in-depth and semi-structured interview was conducted on 27 respondents(18 community residents, 9 community workers; 19 women, 8 men; Mage = 52.41 years, SD = 15.30 years). We focused on "what" is community harmony combined with "horizontal" and "vertical" comparison. "Why" and "how" was also our interest. Preliminary results indicated that:(1) In the expression of community harmony, most of the respondents were most concerned about the harmony between residents and residents, and the harmony between residents and communities; in terms of connotation, community residents focused on "unity" and "mutual assistance", while community workers emphasis on "stability" and "coordination"; as for psychological experience, the most prominent experience of respondents was "comfortable", "happy" and " eudaemonia"; and the main means of realization is that residents actively participated in various activities led by community management, such as recreational activities, public benefit activities, and volunteer activities.(2) From the perspective of the horizontal affinity-disaffinity relationship, the harmony of different degrees of affinity has its characteristics. Most respondents believed that the closer the relationship is, the easier to be harmonious; in terms of vertical hierarchical relationship, respondents generally believe that there is little difference between "harmony between community leading cadres and the masses" and "harmony among residents", which mainly depends on the grassroots characteristics of community leading cadres: "grassroots" and "close to the people" "not put on air"; from the vertical age relationship, the middle-aged and elderly people in the community have fewer opportunities to contact with young people. Most of the respondents indicated that they are more likely to be harmonious with their peers, yet those with other ages have a "generation gap"; from a longitudinal time perspective, respondents generally mentioned that the current community is more harmonious than in the past.(3). Respondents generally believe that community harmony is conducive to enhancing individual happiness, optimizing community governance, and promoting social stability. And the construction of harmonious community requires the joint efforts of the state, community, and residents. In general, most respondents believe that "harmonious community" is a big concept and an ideal pursuit while "community harmony" is a relatively small concept and a description of the community reality, with the characteristics of unity, mutual assistance, stability, and coordination.更多还原