【作者】 陈骁； 李新伟； 陈琳； 陈海德； 李伟健；

【Author】 Xiao Chen;Xinwei Li;Lin Chen;Haide Chen;Weijian Li;Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University Zhejiang Normal University;

【机构】 浙江师范大学心理与脑科学研究院；

【摘要】 我国吸烟率多年来一直居高不下,且吸烟者往往对吸烟行为呈积极态度、缺乏戒烟动机。吸烟警示信息是一重要宣传途径,在控制吸烟率中发挥重要作用。以往研究表明吸烟警示信息存在框架效应,即收益框架(强调戒烟或不吸烟的益处)对预防吸烟或干预戒烟效果优于损失框架(强调不戒烟或吸烟的危害),这被称为吸烟警示信息框架效应。吸烟危害对象会对吸烟警示信息框架效应产生影响,有研究表明危害对象为朋友的吸烟警示抑制个体吸烟程度比危害对象为自己的吸烟警示高。根据心理距离建构水平理论,社会距离是心理距离的表现形式之一,对于心理距离越近的事物,人们看待它的角度就会越具体,例如朋友与自己。已有研究尚未考察"家人"这一重要危害对象。家人相对于朋友而言,心理距离要相对更近些,尤其在中国。研究以30名吸烟者为被试,实验参照May(2015)研究中的范式,采用2(框架类型:收益框架、损失框架)*2(危害对象:家人、朋友)的被试内实验设计,因变量为吸烟态度、戒烟动机。结果发现,在吸烟态度上,框架类型主效应显著,使用收益框架警示信息条件下,被试对吸烟的消极态度要高于损失框架条件下。危害对象主效应显著,在以家人为危害对象条件下,被试对吸烟的消极态度高于朋友。在戒烟动机上,框架类型和危害对象之间交互作用显著,在损失框架下,以家人为危害对象显著高于以朋友为危害对象;而在收益框架下,两者无显著差异。本研究结果说明了在吸烟态度上存在着警示信息框架效应,吸烟者在收益框架警示信息下对吸烟的消极态度要高于损失框架;而在戒烟动机上框架效应只存在于家人作为危害对象时,即使用损失框架表述以家人为危害对象的警示信息条件下,被试戒烟动机要高于收益框架条件下。对吸烟者而言,危害对象为家人时劝说效果要优于危害对象为朋友。未来的戒烟干预实践需要进一步推广收益框架和以家人危害对象的吸烟警示信息,发挥收益框架的劝说效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The number of male daily smoker in China is still large while most of them are unlikely to quit smoking and to have a negative attitude towards smoking.Smoking warnings is an important means of publicity and plays an important role in controlling smoking rates.The messages of smoking warning are typically classified as gain frame(such as "If you quit smoking, you will be healthy") and loss frame(such as "if you smoke, you will be unhealthy"). Schneider and colleagues(2001) firstly found the effect of gain frame of smoking warnings on smoking prevention and smoking cessation was stronger than loss frame of smoking warnings. Then many studies have shown the similar results and call it as framing effect of smoking warnings. Some studies have found the framing effects of smoking warnings are influenced by the harm objects of smoking warning messages.The researchers found that have found that Participants were more persuaded to refrain from smoking by the friend-gainframed message rather than self-targeted messages.According to the Theory of Psychological Distance,when people face things closer to their psychological distance, the more specific the way they see things(such as "Friend and self").Especially in China, family members are relatively closer in psychological distance than friends.Studies have not yet examined the "family" variable. In the Experiment,we selected 30 participants as the subjects and used paradigm in May(2015).The dependent variable was smoking attitude and quitting motivation,the independent variable was the harm object and framing type.The results are shown in the following. Firstly,in the smoking attitude,the results of Experiment showed that the effect of gain frame of smoking warnings on negative attitudes towards smoking was stronger than loss frame of smoking warnings.Other than that,the persuasion effect of family members as objects of harm is better than that of friends.Secondly,in the quitting motivation,the interaction between the framing type and the harm object is significant.Under the loss frame, the harm object of family is significantly higher than that of friends;Under the gain frame, there is no significant difference between the two harm objects. These findings were suggest that Warning information frames can have an impact on smoking attitudes in different harm objects.But in the quitting motivation,the framing effect only exists when the family is the harm object.For smokers, persuasion was more effective when the harm object was to family than friends.In a word,The future practice of tobacco control program should further promote the smoking warnings from the perspective of gaining frame to exert its persuasive influence.更多还原