【作者】 周社刚； 张小远；

【Author】 ZHOU Shegang;ZHANG Xiaoyuan;Department of Psychology,Faculty of Education,Henan Normal university;Department of Psychology,Southern Medical University;

【机构】 河南师范大学教育学部心理学系； 南方医科大学心理学系；

【摘要】 心理咨询风格是咨询师工作中习惯化的行为方式和行为特点。心理咨询风格偏好指来访者认为什么样的咨询对其效果更好。目前缺乏心理咨询风格和心理咨询风格偏好测量工具,有关研究将二者"相互剥离",只从咨询师或来访者单一角度进行研究。本研究拟编制心理咨询风格和心理咨询风格偏好量表,探索二者一致性对咨访关系的影响。通过文献调研法、协商一致的质化研究、专家讨论法和德尔菲法,界定量表维度并编制条目,通过初测和正式测试检验量表信效度。心理咨询风格量表包括17个条目,分为指导性、亲近性和计划性三个维度。各条目与维度总分相关系数大于0.4,量表内部一致性系数为0.854,探索性因素分析累计方差贡献率为55.854%,验证性因素分析各项指标符合要求。调查发现,女性咨询师亲近性显著高于男性咨询师,在学校工作的咨询师指导性、计划性显著低于在医院工作的咨询师,工作累计时间短的咨询师亲近性显著低于累计时间长的咨询师。依恋模式、人格特征、咨询取向与心理咨询风格显著相关。心理咨询风格偏好量表包括15个条目,分为指导性偏好、亲近性偏好和计划性偏好三个维度。内部一致性系数为0.807,探索性因素分析累计方差贡献率为51.007%,验证性因素分析各项指标符合要求。调查发现,大学生中女性来访者亲近性偏好显著高于男性来访者,心理健康水平低的来访者指导性偏好显著高于心理健康水平高的来访者。依恋模式、人格特征与心理咨询风格偏好显著相关。用指导性匹配、亲近性匹配和计划性匹配作为心理咨询风格和偏好一致性指标,三者与工作同盟及其各维度显著相关,对工作同盟有显著正向预测作用。来访者有无咨询经历、心理健康水平对匹配和工作同盟的关系有调节作用。研究提供了本土化的心理咨询风格和心理咨询风格偏好测量工具,证实心理咨询风格与偏好一致会提升咨访关系,尤其是对有过咨询经历的来访者和心理健康水平较高的来访者。研究可为来访者选择合适的咨询提供指导,提升咨询效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Counseling style is a set of characteristics that each counselor applies in every counseling situation. Counseling style preferences refer to the behaviors or attributes of the therapist or therapy that clients value or desire. In the present literature, there is still a lack of measure implement on counseling style or counseling style preference, and research focuses either on counseling style or on counseling style preference, the congruence between the two variables has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to develop Counseling Style Scale(CSS) and Counseling Style Preference Scale(CSPS), and explore the Influence of the congruence between counseling style and client preferences on counselor and client’s relationship. Through literature research, consensual qualitative research, expert discussion and two rounds of Delph, the dimensions of CSS and CSPS were classified, and the items of the two scale were evaluated. The CSS was a 17-item scale which contained three dimensions: directiveness, closeness and planning. The correlation coefficient of each item and the dimension score was greater than 0.4. The Cronbach ɑ coefficient was 0.854 for the total scale. Three components accounted for 55.854% of the total variance. The result of confirmatory factor analysis indicated the model was accepted. The closeness scores of female counselors were significantly higher than the scores of male counselor. The directiveness scores and the planning scores of the counselors working in school were significantly lower than the scores of counselors working in hospital. The closeness scores of the counselors with less years of experience were significantly lower than the scores of the counselors with more experienced colleagues. Attachment style, personality characteristics, and counseling orientation were significantly related with counseling style. The CSPS was a 15-item scale which contained three dimensions accordingly: directiveness preference, closeness preference and planning preference. The Cronbach ɑ coefficient was 0.807 for the total scale. Three components accounted for 51.007% of the total variance. In the college students, the closeness preference scores of female clients were significantly higher than the scores of male clients. The directiveness preference scores of the clients with poor mental health were significantly higher than scores of the clients with rich mental health. Attachment style and personality characteristics were significantly related with counseling style preference. Directiveness match, closeness match and planning match were constructed as measures of the congruence between counseling style and counseling style preference. The three variables correlated significantly with the working alliance, and have strong predictive effects on the working alliance. Clients’ past counseling experience and the level of mental health played moderating roles in the effects of the match variables on working alliance. For clients who had counseling experience and clients with higher level of mental health, the effect of the congruence between counseling style and counseling style preference on the relationship of clients and counselor was much stronger. Local measure implements on counseling style and counseling style preference were developed. It has been confirmed that the the congruence between counseling style and counseling style preference could promote the relationship of the clients and counselor, especially for clients who had counseling experience and clients with higher level of mental health. The research can provide guidance for the clients to choose the appropriate counselor and improve the effect of the counseling.更多还原