【作者】 陈云祥； 李若璇； 刘翔平；

【Author】 Chen Yunxiang;Li Ruoxuan;Liu Xiangping;School of Psychology,Beijing Normal University;Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology,School of Psychology,Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 北京师范大学心理学部； 应用实验心理北京市重点实验室；

【摘要】 研究背景:物质主义价值观强调拥有物质财富的重要性,给青少年带来低自尊、焦虑、抑郁等不良影响。诸多研究发现,同伴拒绝/排斥对青少年物质主义具有重要影响。基于领域功能模型,本研究假设社交疏离—定义为人际疏离、回避、孤独等不良状况—可预测青少年物质主义。究其潜在机制,问题性手机使用可能具有中介作用:社交疏离会增加问题性手机使用倾向,个体遭遇拒绝/排斥后会通过使用手机来补偿,以此降低孤独感、增加联结感;手机使用可正向预测物质主义水平,而问题性手机使用会加剧这种影响。此外,这种影响可能存在个体差异:购物类手机应用的使用,会进一步加剧问题性手机使用对物质主义的影响;物质主义总是和购物密切相关。方法:选取北京市顺义十三中(n=175)与北京五十中(n=305)中学生(Mage=14.04±1.55; 194男)为被试,以班级为单位群体施测,完成自我报告的纸质问卷:前测T1社交疏离与人口学变量,半年后后测T2问题性手机使用、物质主义与手机应用的使用情况;使用Mplus分析数据。结果:(1)直接效应模型拟合良好,T1社交疏离正向预测T2物质主义(β=0.39, p <0.001)。(2)间接效应模型拟合亦良好,T1社交疏离正向预测T2问题性手机使用(β=0.37, p <0.001)与物质主义(β=0.25, p <0.001),且问题性手机使用正向预测物质主义(β=0.43, p <0.001):问题性手机使用中介作用显著(Effect=0.16, p <0.001)。(3) Wald卡方检验发现,问题性手机使用→物质主义的系数差异显著(χ~2=6.06, p=0.01):相比于不浏览购物类应用(β=0.31, p <0.001),浏览的个体系数更高(β=0.64, p <0.001);即,浏览购物类应用会加剧问题性手机使用对物质主义的影响。讨论:本研究为纵向研究,相比于横断研究具有因果性推论的优势;本研究验证了自我决定理论"需要受挫后追求物质作为替代"的理论观点,并进一步探讨了二者之间的内部机制与个体差异。然而,T1、T2并未测量所有变量,可能会影响结果的推广性;未来研究可关注社交疏离与物质主义的双边关系,如物质主义对社交疏离的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Background: Materialistic values emphasize the importance of possessing material wealth and bring low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and other negative impacts on adolescents. Many studies have found that peer rejection/exclusion has an important impact on adolescents’ materialism. Based on the domain-function model, this study assumes that social alienation—defined as interpersonal alienation, avoidance, loneliness, and other unfavorable problems—predicts adolescents’ materialism. As for the potential mechanism, problematic cellphone usage may play a mediating role: social alienation can increase the tendency of problematic cellphone usage, and individuals will be compensated by using cellphones after rejection/exclusion, thereby reducing loneliness and increasing the sense of connectedness; the cellphone usage predicts the level of materialism with the problematic usage exacerbating this effect. In addition, there may be individual differences in this effect: using cellphone’s shopping applications further exacerbates the impact of problematic cellphone usage on materialism given that materialism is always closely related to shopping. Methods: Beijing Shunyi 13rd(n = 175) and Beijing 50th(n = 305) middle school students(Mage = 14.04 ± 1.55; 194 boys) were selected as participants, and the classes were tested with self-report paper questionnaires: pre-test(T1) social alienation and demographic variables; half a year later, post-test(T2) problematic cellphone usage, materialism, and cellphone application usage. Mplus was used to analyze data. Results:(1) The direct effect model fits well, and T1 social alienation positively predicts T2 materialism(β= 0.39, p < 0.001).(2) The indirect effect model fits well, and T1 social alienation predicts T2 problematic cellphone usage(β = 0.37, p < 0.001) and materialism(β = 0.25, p < 0.001); problematic cellphone usage positively predicts materialism(β = 0.43, p < 0.001): mediation of problematic cellphones usage is significant(Effect = 0.16, p < 0.001).(3) The Wald chisquare test finds that the coefficient between problematic cellphone usage and materialism is significantly different(χ2 = 6.06, p = 0.01): compared to no-browsing shopping applications(β = 0.31, p < 0.001), browsing individuals’ coefficient is higher(β = 0.64, p < 0.001). That is, browsing shopping applications can exacerbate the impact of problematic cellphone usage on materialism. Discussion: This study is a longitudinal design, which has the advantage of causal inference compared to the cross-sectional study. This study confirms the theoretical view of the self-determination theory, "pursuing materials as a need substitute after the need frustration", and further explores the internal mechanism and individual differences. However, T1 and T2 do not measure all variables, which may affect the generalization of results. Future research may focus on the bilateral relationship between social alienation and materialism, such as the influence of materialism on social alienation.更多还原