【作者】 刘昕； 刘丽；

【Author】 XinLiu;Li Liu;Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 儿童与成人词汇加工的脑机制的差异对于我们理解脑发育与语言发展的关系具有重要的启示意义。本报告中,我们比较了小学儿童和成人在加工汉语口语词汇和书面语词汇两个方面大尺度脑功能网络的差异。我们采用押韵判断任务来考察对两种词汇的语音加工,用语义判断任务来考察对两种词汇的语义加工。我们的研究发现,不论是口语词汇加工还是书面语词汇加工,成人比儿童的脑网络都更加任务特异化、体现出一个从依赖皮层下节点到依赖皮层上节点的转变、更加依赖视觉字形加工区域与其它区域的连接。此外,我们发现语音任务的发展表现为成人比儿童更加依赖背侧通路,语义任务的发展体现为成人比儿童更加依赖腹侧通路。我们将从语言加工的双通路模型和认知发展的交互特异化模型的视角对结果进行讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Language is a remarkable ability of human brain, by which human can communicate thoughts with each other. Word is the basic unit of language. There are two common forms of words: spoken words and written words. Previous studies have proposed a dual route model for spoken word processing(Hickok, G. et al.,2007) as well as a dual route model for written word processing(Dehaene, S., 2009). It’s unclear whether a developing brain would follow the dual route models in spoken and written wordprocessing.Further, how does a brain grow to support spoken and written word processing development? Our study examined developmental differences in the large-scale functional networks of Chinese spoken and written word processing using fMRI combining graph theoretical analysis, under the framework of interactive specialization theory. For both spoken and written word processing, we used a rhyming task and a semantic relatedness judgment task to tap into phonology and semantic processing respectively. We found that the development of Chinese word processing across written & spoken is characterized by increased task specialization, by a shift from subcortical to cortical connections, and by greater involvement of orthographic processing system. In addition, the development of phonological task is characterized by more reliance on the dorsal pathway while the development of meaning task is characterized by more reliance on the ventral pathway.更多还原