【作者】 陈柳月； 徐琴美；

【Author】 Liuyue Chen;Qinmei Xu;Quzhou Engineering and Technology School;Zhejiang University,College of Education;

【机构】 浙江大学心理与行为科学系； 衢州市工程技术学校； 浙江大学教育学院；

【摘要】 婴儿早期词汇学习的能力发展历来是研究者非常感兴趣的中心问题之一。目前研究者普遍采用沟通发展量表工具(CDI)来考察婴儿的早期词汇获得,但是关于父母报告的可靠性尚存在争议。本研究第一部分采用沟通发展量表-普通话版本(CCDI)对294个家庭中12-24个月婴儿的词汇理解和词汇表达特点进行了考查。结果表明,(1)婴儿词汇发展随月龄的增加呈线性增长。婴儿的词汇理解水平在17个月和20个月时增长最快,而词汇表达水平在20个月时增长最快。动词理解比例的增长速率高于名词理解所占比例。(2)婴儿在词汇理解水平不存在性别差异,但在词汇表达方面男婴比女婴落后1～2个月。20个月时词汇表达方面男婴的表达量显著低于女婴。(3)单一环境婴儿的词汇理解量显著高于两种语言环境的婴儿,但在词汇表达方面两者差异不显著。(4)12-16个月婴儿早期能理解最多的是名词,尤其是与人相关的名词和无生命物体名词,其次便是动词;而词汇表达发展相对滞后。本部分的CDI问卷结果数据作为第二部分实验研究的基础。本研究第二部分从实验研究角度,考察汉语婴儿对词汇的理解能力与家长的评估是否相吻合,是否符合家长预期。研究中主要选取了14及18个月这两个具有代表性的月龄组,进一步深究CDI量表的可靠性,从而衡量父母报告是否准确反映婴儿的词汇知识。结果显示,以对目标物与对非目标物的最长注视时间差(LLD)为指标,图片呈现阶段1中14个月婴儿在命名后没有表现出命名效应,而阶段2中在命名后,在熟悉词测试条件下表现出命名效应。18个月婴儿在陌生词和熟悉词两种测试条件下均在表现出命名效应。该实验结果表明,14个月婴儿的表现更符合父母的预期,而18个月婴儿的表现则超出父母的预期,父母低估了18个月婴儿的词汇理解知识。此外还对性别差异做了分析,发现父母对14个月女婴的评估要更加符合女婴的表现,而18个月女婴不管是陌生词还是熟悉词测试条件,均表现出命名效应。但不管是14个月还是18个月男婴的注视表现都不符合父母的评估。更多还原

【Abstract】 Researchers have been interested in such a question: How many words can infants learn in his/her second year? One of the most used instruments in measuring infants’ lexical development is the Communicative Development Inventory(CDI), which used parent report as scoring. However, there still existed the argument of the reliability of parent report. There are two different parts in this research. In the first part, we use Communicative Development Inventory(CDI) to explore the receptive and expressive vocabulary of Chinese infants(12-24 months).(1)The vocabulary of infants aged 12～24 months develops with age. Receptive vocabulary of infants grows fastest at 17 and 20 month, and expressive vocabulary grows fastest at 20 month.(2)There exists no gender difference in receptive vocabulary of infant. However, the mean production scores tendered to be higher for females than males of same month, for males legging by one or two months. Expressive vocabulary of females is higher for that of males at 20 month.(3)Receptive vocabulary is affected by infant’s surrounded language environment, for the mean scores of receptive words are higher for single language environment than that of bilingual. But there exists no difference in expressive vocabulary between single and bilingual language environment.(4)The growth rate of receptive vocabulary develops fast during 12 to 16 month. The Noun is receptive most, and next is the Verb.In the second part, the IPLP paradigm was used in experiments to evaluate the reliability of parents’ report. Infants of 14-month-olds and 18-month-olds participated in the experiment. They were tested in 2 different conditions: "Unknown words"-parents report as they children don’t’ know it and "Known words" – parents report as children know it. The results indicated that the performance of 14-month-olds infants is more in line with the expectations of parents, while 18-month-old infants ’ performance beyond the expectations of parents. Parents underestimated the 18 months knowledge of vocabulary. Meanwhile, gender difference was exists. Parents’ evaluation was more in line with the performance of infant girl at 14 month, and infant girl at 18 month showed Name Effect in two different words testing condition. For the performance of infant boy, neither 14-month-olds nor 18-month-old infant boy would accord with parent’s evaluation.更多还原