【作者】 陈雨露； 屈雨蒙； 张明；

【Author】 Yulu Chen;Yumeng Qu;Ming Zhang;Psychology Department,Teachers’ College,Beijing Union University;Peking University Health Science Center;Psychiatry Department,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University;

【机构】 北京联合大学师范学院心理学系； 北京大学医学部； 中山大学附属第三医院精神科；

【摘要】 在睡眠与心理健康与发展的研究中,常使用睡眠剥夺这种极端实验操纵手段,或者以严重睡眠障碍的个体为研究对象,来考察其对记忆、学习的影响。而大部分个体日常睡眠并不会出现严重的剥夺或障碍。但是,仔细分析其入睡时间、睡眠时长、睡眠习惯等反映日常睡眠质量的细节,却的确存在一些个体间差异。这些日常睡眠质量的差异是否对个体的认知和学习产生显著影响?为探究此问题,本研究以383名三到五年级小学生(9-11岁)为研究对象,利用儿童版《睡眠自评量表(Sleep Self Report)》(Owens et al., 2000,本研究中Cronbach’sα=0.72)测量了儿童近期较长一段时间的日常睡眠质量,利用上学期期末考试成绩(语文、数学、英语、总分)的Z分数(各年级分别计算)作为其学业成绩的指标。统计分析分别以语文、数学、英语三项成绩为目标变量,睡眠质量以及睡眠质量与年级的乘积作为预测变量,进行了三次多元回归。总结结果发现,(1)睡眠质量能够预测各科学业成绩,表明即便是日常并不剧烈的睡眠质量的问题,也可能影响到儿童的学习。(2)睡眠质量×年级也能显著预测各科学业成绩,也就是说,年级越大,睡眠质量与学业成绩的相关关系越明显。(3)简单斜率分析进一步揭示:对于三年级,睡眠质量与各科学业成绩之间的均不相关(rs<0.1,ps>0.05);而四年级小学生中,只有数学成绩与睡眠质量存在显著相关(r=0.21,p<0.05),语文和英文这两科偏语言类的学科成绩与睡眠质量相关不显著(rs<0.15,ps>0.05);但是到了五年级,三科学业成绩都与睡眠质量存在显著相关(rs>0.3,ps<0.01)。研究结果提示我们,日常睡眠对于儿童学业成绩的影响可能存在累积效应,年龄越大,睡眠对个体的注意、记忆、思维等的影响逐渐积累,进而导致其对学习的作用也越来越突出。本研究发现的因年龄、学科之间的不同而导致相关情况不同的结果,也能帮助解释以往研究中一些不一致的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the research of investigating how sleep impacted psychological health and development, sleep deprivation technique or sleep disorder patients were usually concerned. However, such harsh sleep problems are not usual in most people. There are indeed individual difference of sleep quality. Whether daily sleep quality could have effect on children’s cognition and study? In order to uncover the question, 383 pupils of the third to fifth grade were included in the current study. Sleep quality was tested by the Sleep Self Report(SSR)for Children(Owens et al., 2000, Cronbach’s α=0.72 in our study). Academic achievement was transformed from the latest final exams scores including Chinese, Math and English. Three times of multi-regression analysis were conducted with the exams scores as the dependent variables and SSR as long as SSR×Grade as the predicting variables.Result showed:(1) SSR were significant in all the three regression analysis.(2)The interaction of SSR×Grade were significant in all the three subjects.(3) Further simple slope analysis revealed that with the age(grade) increased, the relation between sleep and academic achievement were stronger: in the third grade, none of the three subjects were relative with sleep; in the fourth grade, only Math scores were significant relative with SSR; in the fifth grade, sleep had effect on all the three subjects. The current study found that age as well as subject was the moderating variable between sleep and children’s cognitive and academic development, which could help account for contradictory findings in previous research.更多还原