【作者】 徐梦思； 李志爱； 范玲霞； 周晓林； 杨东；

【Author】 Mengsi Xu;Zhiai Li;Lingxia Fan;Xiaolin Zhou;Dong Yang;School of Psychology,Southwest University;School of Psychology and Cognitive Science,East China Normal University;Department of Psychology,Ningbo University;School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences,Peking University;

【机构】 西南大学心理学部； 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院； 宁波大学心理学系； 北京大学心理与认知科学学院；

【摘要】 大量的研究已经考察了社会排斥对认知控制的影响,但是所报告的结果却并不一致。基于双重认知控制理论,本研究旨在考察社会排斥对认知控制权衡的影响(实验1)及其心理机制(实验2)。我们采用了Cyberball范式来操作社会排斥,并招募86名女性志愿者完成认知控制任务,同时记录脑电活动。具体来说,在实验1中,我们采用经典的AX-CPT任务来区分主动性控制和反应性控制。结果发现,社会排斥会阻碍个体的主动性控制能力而促进反应性控制能力。具体表现为,与接纳个体相比,排斥个体的主动性控制指标(P3b和CNV波幅)更小,而反应性控制指标(N2波幅)则更大。更重要的是,在实验2中,我们设计和采用了Cued-flanker任务,并通过改变有效线索的呈现时间(目标刺激呈现前或后),进而操作了在这个任务中采用主动性控制的可能性及优势。结果发现,排斥个体削弱的主动性控制既与排斥后个体的能力不足有关,也与动机缺乏有关。总之,这些结果对于我们理解社会排斥与认知控之间的关系提供了新的视角,并为以后采取相应的措施来消除社会排斥的负面影响提供了一定的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many studies have investigated how social exclusion influences cognitive control but reported inconsistent findings. Based on the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework, this study investigated how social exclusion influences proactive and reactive modes of control(Experiment 1) and the underlying mechanisms(Experiment 2). The Cyberball game was used to manipulate social exclusion. Eighty-six female participants performed cognitive control tasks while event-related potentials were recorded. In Experiment 1, an AX Continuous Performance Task(AX-CPT) was adopted to differentiate between proactive and reactive control. Results showed that social exclusion weakened proactive control but enhanced reactive control, as reflected by the weaker proactive control indicators(i.e., P3 b and CNV), but strengthened reactive control indicators(accuracy and N2) in excluded individuals. More importantly, in Experiment 2, through varying in whether task cues were available before or after target onset in a cued-flanker task, we further manipulated the possibility of engaging proactive control, and found the weakened proactive control could be attributed to both impaired cognitive ability and lowered motivation to engage proactive control in excluded individuals. Together, these results provide insight on how social exclusion influences cognitive control and suggest promising implications for designing effective interventions to relieve the negative impact of social exclusion.更多还原