【作者】 谢放放； 马守臣； 张合兵； 聂小军； 焦俊党；

【Author】 XIE Fangfang;MA Shouchen;Zhang Hebing;NIE Xiaojun;JIAO Jundang;School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering,Field Scientific Observation and Research Base of Ministry of Land and Resources,Henan Polytechnic University;Land Resources Survey Planning Institute of Henan province;

【机构】 河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院国土资源部野外科学观测研究基地； 河南省国土资源调查规划院；

【摘要】 为了探究采煤沉陷区土壤特性空间变化及其作物响应,采用野外调查与室内分析的方法对赵固矿沉陷区耕地的土壤水分、全氮量和微生物学特性的空间变化规律以及作物响应特征进行了研究。结果表明:开采沉陷影响了土壤水、氮的空间分布,土壤含水量和全氮量均从上坡到下坡随着沉降深度的增加而增加。土壤微生物学特性也随着水肥条件的改变而发生显著变化。在拔节期,下坡土壤呼吸速率、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性显著低于上坡和中坡,上坡与中坡差异不明显;在花期,不同沉陷部位土壤呼吸速率与蔗糖酶活性均表现为中坡>上坡>下坡,而脲酶活性变化规律与拔节期时相比没有发生变化。开采沉陷对小麦的生长发育也造成不同程度影响,尤其对下坡小麦的生长抑制作用最大。在拔节期,上坡和中坡小麦根系活力、叶面积和株高无显著差异,均显著大于下坡小麦。小麦叶绿素含量和光合速率表现为中坡>上坡>下坡;在花期,上坡和中坡叶绿素含量和株高无显著差异,均显著大于下坡小麦。不同沉陷部位的小麦根系活力、光合速率和叶面积均呈现出中坡>上坡>下坡的规律。到成熟期小麦产量表现为中坡>上坡>下坡。总之,开采沉陷影响耕地土壤水肥空间分布,进而对土壤微生物学特性以及作物生长产生影响,尤其对下坡的影响程度最为严重,上坡次之,中坡最小。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the spatial variation of soil properties and crop response in the coal mining subsidence area.Field investigation and laboratory analysis were used to study the spatial variation of soil moisture,total nitrogen,microbial characteristics and crop response characteristics in the subsidence area of Zhaogu Coal Mine.The results show that mining subsidence significantly affects the spatial distribution of soil water and nitrogen.Soil water and total nitrogen content become bigger with the increment of surface subsidence depth.And the characteristics of soil microbiology also change significantly with the change of water and fertilizer conditions.At the jointing stage,soil respiration rate,sucrase and urease activities of lower slope are lower compared with those of middle slope and upper slope,but there are no significant difference between middle slope and upper slope.At flowering stage,the changes of urease activity are consistent with the jointing stage,soil respiration rate and sucrase activity in different subsidence sites are both ordered middle slope> upper slope> lower slope.Mining subsidence has different effects on the growth and development of wheat.At jointing stage,there are no significant difference in root activity,leaf area and plant height of wheat between the upper slope and mid-slope,all of which are markedly larger than those of wheat on lower slope.Chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate are both ordered middle slope> upper slope> lower slope.At flowering stage,there are no significant difference in chlorophyll content and plant height of wheat between the upper slope and middle slope,all of which are markedly larger than those of wheat on lower slope.Root activity,photosynthetic rate and leaf area of wheat at different slope positions are both ordered middle slope>upper slope> lower slope.At mature stage,the yield of wheat is ordered middle slope> upper slope> lower slope.In conclusion,mining subsidence affects spatial distribution of soil water and fertilizer,and which affects the soil microbiological properties and crop growth,especially in the lower slope.更多还原