蜂螨对西方蜜蜂生存行为特性及学习记忆能力的影响

【作者】 李震； 杨何妍； 廖春华； 吴小波；

【机构】 江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所；

【摘要】 [目的]本实验旨在研究蜂螨对西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)生存行为特性及学习记忆能力的影响。[方法]通过人工感染蜂螨的方法在工蜂幼虫即将封盖时给幼虫感染蜂螨,待羽化出房时,记录感染组和未感染组(对照组)工蜂羽化率、初生重、翅长、胸宽和腹长;给一部分刚羽化蜜蜂贴上RFID电子标签并放入原蜂群,利用RFID监测系统对这些蜜蜂进行每天24h动态监测,记录每只蜜蜂整个生命周期的出巢和归巢行为,检测结束后,统计首次出巢率、平均出巢次数及平均寿命;再取一部分感染组和对照组刚出房的蜜蜂用不同颜色标记,放入原始蜂群,20天后将不同颜色标记的蜜蜂,分别进行1000 m和2000 m定距离放飞,分析其归巢能力;同时,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)对刚出房的蜂螨感染组和对照组蜜蜂进行谷氨酸受体基因(GluRA)和N-甲基-D天冬氨酸受体基因(Nmdar1)的相对表达量检测。[结果]蜂螨感染组工蜂羽化率、翅长和腹长均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但感染组和对照组工蜂的初生重和胸宽均差异不显著(P>0.05);RFID动态监测结果表明:蜂螨感染组的蜜蜂首次出巢率比对照组蜜蜂首次出巢率高,但蜂螨感染组蜜蜂平均寿命和平均出巢次数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);另外,蜂螨感染组和对照组工蜂在1000m、2000m处的归巢率均无显著差异(P>0.05);RT-qPCR结果表明:感染组工蜂的Nmdar1基因相对表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但两组蜜蜂的GluRA基因的相对表达量差异不显著(P>0.05)。[结论]蜂螨对西方蜜蜂生存行为特性和学习记忆基因—Nmdar1基因存在一定的影响,这种影响可能影响蜜蜂的采集效力及蜂群的健康养殖。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Aim] This study aim was to investigate the effects of bee mites on the survival behavior and learning and memory abilities of Apis mellifera.[Methods] The larvae were infected with bee mites when the larvae were about to be capped by artificial infection,and the emergence rate,birth weight,wing length,chest width and abdominal length of infected and uninfected bees were recorded when the larvae emerged from the room.The RFID monitoring system monitored these bees 24 hours a day and recorded the whole life cycle of each bee’s nesting and homing behavior.After the detection,the first nesting rate,the average number of nesting emergence and the average life span were counted.Homing ability of bees with different colour markers was analyzed at 1000 m and 2000 m distances,and the relative epitopes of glutamate receptor gene(GluRA) and N-methyl-D aspartate receptor gene(Nmdarl) were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) in newly-released bee mite infected and control groups.Detection of dose.[Results] The emergence rate,wing length and abdominal length of workers infected with bee mites were significantly lower than those of the control group(P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in the birth weight and breast width between the infected group and the control group(P> 0.05).The average life span and number of nesting emergence were significantly lower in the infected group than in the control group(P <0.05),and there was no significant difference in the homing rate between the infected group and the control group at 1000 m and2000 m(P> 0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the relative expression of GluRA gene between the two groups(P>0.05).[Conclusion] Bee mites have certain effects on the survival behavior and learning and memory gene Nmdarl of Western bees,which may affect the collection efficiency of bees and the healthy breeding of bees.更多还原