基于喷气与缝耦合的轴流压气机变形态失速控制机理研究

【作者】 王维； 楚武利； 卢金玲； 罗兴锜；

【机构】 西安理工大学水利水电学院； 西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室； 西北工业大学动力与能源学院； 先进航空发动机协同创新中心；

【摘要】 为了探索可有效提高轴流压气机失速裕度且不降低压气机效率的扩稳方法,且能够适应变失速类型下的扩稳需求,提出了一种由喷嘴和缝耦合构成,且经背腔进行轴向、周向疏通的"耦合型处理机匣",并将其在端壁失速型亚音速压气机和叶片失速型跨音速压机上进行了数值评估。研究结果表明,"耦合型处理机匣"使亚音速压气机失速裕度提高16.7%,在设计工况没有降低压气机效率,在小流量工况提高了压气机效率,表明这种耦合设计具有较强的抑制端壁失速的能力。"耦合型处理机匣"大幅度提高了跨音速压气机的稳定工作范围,并在设计工况提高了压气机效率,这种提升在小流量工况更加显著,表明这种耦合设计同时具有较强的抑制叶片失速的能力。"耦合型处理机匣"与压气机相互作用形成两种流动循环,即由下游到上游的缝内循环以及由缝经背腔到喷嘴的外循环,这两种循环起到有效控制叶顶泄漏涡及叶片附面层分离的作用,是压气机失速裕度提高的主要原因。将缝与喷嘴进行耦合设计,具有不降低压气机效率的同时大幅度提高压气机失速裕度且能适应不同类型失速的潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study was to investigate the method of enhancing stability with no efficiency penalty in axial flow compressors. The method should also function well for compressors with alterable stall types. A coupled casing treatment(CCT) that took advantage of slot-type casing treatment and tip injection is established to build the fluid supply in the circumferential direction and in the axial direction. The CCT was evaluated in a subsonic compressor with endwall stall type and a transonic compressor with blade stall type using unsteady simulations. The results show that the subsonic compressor’s stability margin is improved by 16.7% with no penalty on the compressor efficiency at the design point, and the compressor efficiency is improved slightly at the operating conditions of lower mass flow rates. The fact implies that the coupling design is capable of depressing endwall stall. The CCT also improves the stable operating range of the transonic compressor, and enhance the compressor efficiency at the design point. The efficiency improvement is much more significant at lower mass flow rates. The fact implies that the coupling design is capable of depressing blade stall. There are two types of flow circulation in the "coupled casing treatment", i.e. the inner circulation in slots and the circulation from slots to injectors. The two circulations can depress effectively the tip leakage vortex and the boundary layer separation of blade tip, which mainly accounts for the stability enhancement. The coupling design of slots and tip injection is able to enhance the compressor stability with no penalty on the compressor efficiency, and adapt to different stall types.更多还原