【作者】 程捷； 张绪教； 田明中； 唐德翔； 岳建伟； 于文洋； 占车生；

【Author】 CHENG Jie;ZHANG Xujiao;TIAN Mingzhong;TANG Dexiang;YUE Jianwei;YU Wenyang;ZHAN Chesheng;China University of Geosciences;

【机构】 中国地质大学；

【摘要】 本文讨论了黄河源区的地质和生态环境特点对黄河断流的影响。黄河源区的气候高寒(年均气温-3.89℃)、少雨干旱(年降水量322mm)、蒸发量大(年蒸发量1358.8mm),多风;地形相对高差小,宽谷与河湖相间,沼泽发育,地面流水和风的剥蚀作用强烈,冻融作用盛行;地表植被覆盖率低,草场退化和土地沙化严重,分别占到源区面积的61.3%和20%;鼠害猖獗,受害面积达140179hm~2;以及过度放牧(约60%)。这些自然和人为因素造成地表水流失,地下水位下降,湖泊萎缩,土壤和草地蓄水量降低,从而导致黄河源区的断流。因此,黄河断流是多种因子影响的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper discusses the influence of geological and ecological environment on the absence of flow in the source area of the Yellow River.According to meteorological data,there are low temperature(annual mean-3.89 ℃),little precipitation(annual mean 322 mm),great evaporation(annual mean 1358.8 mm) and strong wind in the source area of the Yellow River.In geomorphology,it consists of little relative altitude,wide valleys with lakes and rivers and many swamps in the region.In geological processes,surface running water erosion and freeze-and-thaw action are developed.In addition,vegetation in the source area consists of alpine meadow and alpine grassland with a low ratio of plant cover.The grassland degeneration and land desertification are serious,and their areas amount to 61.3% and 20% of the total area in the source area respectively.The mouse disaster is very serious and the land destroyed by mouse accounts for 140179 hm~2.The activity of herd is also excessive.These natural and human factors result in the loss of ground water,the descent of the underground water level,the shrinkage of lakes,the drop of water quantity in soil and grassland,and further result in the absence of flow in the source area of the Yellow River.Therefore,we come to a conclusion that the flow absence of the Yellow River is resulted from multi-factors.更多还原