【作者】 邓涛；

【Author】 DENG Tao;Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;

【机构】 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所；

【摘要】 临夏盆地晚中新世地层所产的维氏大唇犀(Chilotherium wimani)化石非常丰富,包括不同年龄的个体。本文通过对维氏大唇犀不同年龄个体的分析和对比,详细地了解其个体发育情况。由于犀类的种内变异较大,个体发育特征将为更精确的鉴定提供帮助。维氏大唇犀头骨随年龄变异的一些特征如下:顶嵴逐渐加强;脑颅由圆隆而低矮变为高陡而狭窄:头骨顶面的凹陷逐渐加深呈显著的马鞍形;顶嵴间平面逐渐变宽;眶上结节从无到发达;鼓后突与关节后突从贴近到愈合;鼻骨背面逐渐隆突;枕嵴侧缘从平滑到中部收缩。维氏大唇犀上颊齿的磨蚀速度远大于下颊齿。雄性的头骨比雌性的尺寸更大,结构更强壮,头骨顶面凹陷更强烈,鼻骨更厚实,鼻骨侧缘下垂更轻微,鼻切迹和上颌骨颜面部都更高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fossils of Chilotherium wimani from the Late Miocene in the Linxia Basin are very abundant,including many individuals of different ages.On the basis of the analysis and comparison in individuals of different ages,we can better recognize species of the chilothere.Since the variation in a rhinocerotid species is relatively great,ontogenetic characters can provide some help for the more accurate identification.The following skull characters of Ch.wimani vary with the age:parietal crest becomes gradually stronger;braincase becomes narrow and high from round and low;depression on the skull top deepened gradually to form a marked saddle;surface between the parietal crests widens step by step;supraorbital tubercle becomes well developed from absent;posttympanic process very close to the postglenoid process at first but fused to the latter finally;the nasal top becomes rounder gradually;lateral margin of occipital crest smooth but constricted centrally at older age.The degree of wear in upper cheek teeth of Ch.wimani is much greater than in the lower.Compared to the female skull of Ch.wimani,the male has a larger size,stronger built,deeper depression on the skull top,thicker nasals,weaker nasal side drooping,and higher nasal notch and maxillary face.更多还原