【作者】 王秋菊； 刘峰； 高中超； 姚春雨； 张劲松； 张春峰； 贾会彬； 焦峰；

【Author】 Wang Qiuju;Liu Feng;Gao Zhongchao;Yao Chunyu;Zhang Jinsong;Zhang Chunfeng;Jia Huibin;Jiao Feng;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Key laboratory of Heilongjiang soil environment and plant nutrient;Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,scientific research department;Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University;

【机构】 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所； 黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室； 黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院； 黑龙江八一农垦大学；

【摘要】 水分特征曲线是反映土壤持水性、供水性和水分有效性的重要工具,为明确深耕措施对黑土水分特征及有效性作用与影响,本研究以水分特性曲线为基础,开展深耕与常规耕作两种不同耕作措施土壤水分特征曲线、水分动态变化、土壤孔隙组成及土壤持水特性研究。研究结果显示:深耕可以降低各层土壤固相比例,降低幅度为6.4%～9.6%,提高土壤有效孔隙度,土壤有效孔隙增加幅度为5.48%～82.00%;深耕可以提高土壤饱和含水量和田间持水量,提高土体有效水分贮水量,其中土壤速效水贮水量提高1.55倍,迟效水提高1.44倍,30～60 cm土层有效水分提高比例大于0～30 cm耕层土壤;作物整个生育时期土壤水分动态变化,表层受降雨影响波动性大,对照高于深耕,深耕处理30～60 cm土层土壤水分含量高于对照,土壤耗水量0～30 cm对照高于深耕7.8 mm,30～60 cm土层土壤耗水量深耕高于对照7.2 mm,深耕深层土壤水分利用率高,是对照的1.74倍。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water retention curve was the important parameters to reflection soil retention,suppling capability,and effectiveness,the relations between soil water potential and soil moisture content could be conversed by soil water retention curve,and could indirectly reflect the porosity size distribution of soil,and effective water content by crops uptake.Soil water retention curve was affected by soil texture,tillage,fertilization and other factors.Mechanical tillage could adjust soil water,gas movement,and soluble solute transport through changing soil structure,to improve soil poor physical properties,and indirectly improve the nutrient suppling capability of soil to plant.Previous research confirmed that deep tillage could decrease soil bulk density,hardness and improve poor soil physical properties,but the effect of deep tillage on water retention curve,effectiveness and dynamic change was still lack.In order to clear the effect of deep tillage on black soil water retention and effectiveness,field comparison method has been done in this study,include deep tillage and conventional tillage(CK) two kinds of treatment,to study water retention curve,dynamic change of soil water,soil porosity and so on.The result shows that deep tillage can improve the ratio of soil liquid phrase and gas phrase,decrease the solid phrase ratio of every layer,the decreasing range is 6.4%～9.6%,improve the number of>0.05 mm diameter non-capillary pore and 0.05～0.0002 mm diameter capillary pore,the increasing range of soil effective pore is 5.48%～82.00%;deep tillage can improve saturated water content and field capacity,improve moisture storage of whole soil body effective water,the moisture storage of available and invalid water are increasing 1.55 times and 1.44 times than that of CK,the range soil layer of 30～60 cm is higher than that of 0～30 cm tilth soil;the volatility of 0～10 cm soil layer is obvious because of rainfall,but which has no obvious difference between deep tillage and CK,the soil water content of CK is higher than that of deep tillage in 0～30 cm layer,and deep tillage is higher than CK in 30～60 cm layer,water consumption is consistent between deep tillage and CK,but which is different in different soil layer,water consumption of CK is high 7.8 mm than deep tillage in 0～30 cm soil layer,but low 7.2 mm in 30～60 cm soil layer,the water use efficiency of deep tillage is high,and is 1.74 times than CK.更多还原