【作者】 于天一； 王春晓； 孙学武； 吴正锋； 郑永美； 孙秀山； 沈浦； 王才斌；

【Author】 YU Tian-Yi;WANG Chun-Xiao;SUN Xue-Wu;WU Zheng-Feng;ZHENG Yong-Mei;SUN Xiu-Shan;SHEN Pu;WANG Cai-Bin;Shandong Peanut Research Institute;Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences;

【机构】 山东省花生研究所； 烟台市农科院；

【摘要】 【目的】探讨不同产量及磷利用效率(简称磷效率)花生品种的干物质及磷素累积、分配特性,为高产及磷高效利用花生品种选育提供依据。【方法】在山东莱西和招远两基点大田条件下,研究了34个花生品种的产量及磷效率差异,以两指标平均值为基准,将供试品种划分为高产磷高效(简称双高型)、高产磷低效、低产磷高效和低产磷低效(简称双低型)四大类型,并分析了不同类型花生磷素及干物质累积、分配特点。【主要结果】(1)34个品种中有27个的产量及磷效率类型在两试验点表现一致,占供试品种的79.4%,总体表现稳定。(2)当产量类型相同时,花生磷效率主要取决于植株磷浓度及累积量,器官中磷浓度偏高及营养体磷积累过多,是磷低效的主要原因,基于花生磷高效植株适宜的磷浓度为0.49%-0.55%;双高型品种具有较高的磷素干物质生产效率,而生物产量与高产磷低效型无显著差异;双低型品种磷收获指数低于低产磷高效型,其多吸收的磷素主要用于茎、叶、针等无经济价值的器官,对产量的贡献较小。(3)与低产型品种相比,生殖体及整株较高的磷累积量以及干物质生产能力是高产品种的显著特征,磷浓度及磷收获指数对产量影响较小。综上,较高的磷素干物质生产效率和干物质生产能力,以及适当偏低的植株磷浓度和适中的磷累积量是高产磷高效花生的主要特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aims The objective of this study is to investigate the accumulative and distributive characteristics of phosphorus and dry matter in peanut varieties with different yield and phosphorus use efficiency(P efficiency),which provide some guidance for screening and breeding peanut varieties of high yield and high P efficiency.Methods A 2-site field experiment was conducted in Laixi and Zhaoyuan of Shandong province to investigate physiological mechanism of high yield and high P efficiency in peanut.The 34 testing varieties were classified into four types according to the average value of yield and P efficiency,including high yield and high P efficiency type(HYHPT),high yield and low P efficiency type(HYLPT),low yield and high P efficiency type(LYHPT) and low yield and low P efficiency type(LYLPT).And the accumulative and distributive characteristics of phosphorus and dry matter in peanut with different types were studied.Important findings(1) P efficiency and yield of testing varieties were stable in different ecotypes.The P efficiency and yield types of 79.4%testing varieties behaved the same in the two experimental sites.(2) For the same yield types,P efficiency depended mainly upon P concentration and accumulation of peanut plant.Too high P concentration of plant and too many P accumulation of nutritive organ were adverse to high P efficiency.Base on high P efficiency plant,the suitable P concentration of peanut plant was 0.49%-0.55%.The P dry matter production efficiency of HYHPT was higher than that of HYLPT.And no significant difference of biomass yield was found between the two types.The P harvest index of LYLPT was lower than that of LYHPT.The too many P absorption of LYLPT were mainly used for producing organs of non-economic value,including stem,leaf and peg,which had little influence on yield.(3) For the same P efficiencies types,high dry matter producing ability,high P accumulation of reproductive organ and whole plant were the marked features for high yield type.However,P concentration and P harvest index had little relationship with yield.In conclusion,high P dry matter production efficiency,high dry matter producing ability,appropriate low P concentration and moderate P accumulation of plant were the main characteristics of HYHPT peanut.更多还原