【作者】 李府桂； 周明洁；

【Author】 FuguiLi;MingjieZhou;CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;

【机构】 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室(中国科学院心理研究所)； 中国科学院大学心理学系；

【摘要】 日常情绪对人们的工作和生活有着较大的影响,积极心理学家认为积极的情绪对人的身体和心理等各方面都会产生很好的影响,运动心理学家认为运动可以有效提高人的积极情绪。而工作或学习需要人们较高的集中注意力,使大脑处于兴奋状态,而兴奋状态就需要消耗一定的神经物质,可见人们在工作或学习的过程中极易出现大脑皮层细胞工作能力降低,由兴奋状态转为抑制状态,从而影响人们的情绪状态。而在实际生活中,运动步数和工作时长对于日常情绪的影响会因个体差异而表现不同,自我效能感作为一个重要的个体差异变量受到研究者们的关注,所以本研究在探讨运动步数和工作时长对个体日常情绪影响的基础上,重点考察个体一般自我效能感的调节作用。研究采用积极消极情绪量表、一般自我效能感量表,采用日记法连续两周纵向收集数据,分别在周一到周五的每个早上、下午和晚上相对固定的时间段内对使用微信运动的217名被试发放问卷链接,收集其截止到当前的运动步数、工作或学习时间长短以及当时的积极消极情绪水平和每天的自我效能感水平。多层线性模型分析表明:(1)对于早上积极情绪,早上运动步数有正向预测作用(β=0.026,P<0.001)。(2)对于早上消极情绪,三阶交互作用显著(β=0.012,P<0.05)。简单效应分析表明,低自我效能下,运动步数和工作时长的影响为β=-0.010,P<0.05。(3)对于下午积极情绪,下午的运动步数和下午工作时长主效应均显著(β=0.036,P<0.05;β=0.178,P<0.01),三阶交互作用显著(β=-0.028,P<0.01)。简单效应分析表明,高自我效能下,运动步数和工作时长的影响为β=-0.019,P<0.05。(4)对于下午消极情绪,所有作用均不显著。结果表明早上运动可以提高个体的积极情绪水平,自我效能水平高的个体适合在早上工作;下午运动和工作有利于积极情绪水平的提高,且自我效能水平低的个体适合在下午工作。本研究对学校或公司在设置课程或安排工作任务时有一定的参考意义。进一步的研究我们将尝试去讨论与揭示其背后的理论机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Daily emotion has a great influence on people’s work and life,positive psychologists believe that positive emotions have a good effect on people’s body and mind, sport psychologists believe that sports can improve people’s positive emotions. And work or study need people to be highly concentrated, which affects people’s emotional state. And in real life, self-efficacy as one important individual difference variable has attracted more and more attention. To investigate the influence of the number of steps and the length of work on the positive and negative emotions and to study the interaction between the two variables and whether the general self-efficacy has a moderated effect on the Interaction. This study used the positive and negative emotion scale, general self-efficacy scale to test 217 subjects who use the WeChat sports for two weeks, respectively in every Monday to Friday’s morning, afternoon and evening collected the data that the current number of steps and the length of work or study time, as well as the positive and negative emotion and daily self-efficacy level.The hierarchical liner model analysis showed that:(1)for morning positive mood,the number of steps in the morning had positive predictive function(β=0.026, P<0.001).(2)For the negative emotion in the morning, the three order interaction was significant(β=0.012,P<0.05). The simple effect analysis showed that, in low self-efficacy, the effect of the number of steps and working hours wasβ=-0.010,P<0.05.(3)For afternoon positive mood, the main effects of the number of steps in the afternoon and the working hours in the afternoon were significant(β=0.036,P<0.05;β=0.178,P<0.01), and the three order interaction was significant(β=-0.028,P<0.01). The simple effect analysis showed that, in high self-efficacy, the effects of the number of steps and working hours wereβ=-0.019,P<0.05.(4)The negative emotion in the afternoon was not significant.The results showed that exercise in the morning can improve the positive emotion of individuals,individuals with high self-efficacyare fit to work in the morning; exercise and work in the afternoon is also conducive to improve the positive emotion, individuals withlow self-efficacy are fit to work in the afternoon.This study is of some value to schools or companies in setting up courses or tasks.Further research we will attempt to discuss and reveal the theoretical mechanism behind it.更多还原