【作者】 文军； 史光远； 徐鑫； 周宁宁； 宋潮； 王建平； Yu Wei； Luo Haoxian； Xing Yilun；

【Author】 Wen Jun;Shi Guangyuan;Xu Xin;Zhou Ningning;Yu Wei;Song Chao;Luo Haoxian;Xing Yilun;Wang Jianping;Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 北京师范大学心理学部；

【摘要】 独生子女死亡作为最具创伤的丧亲事件对失独父母的身心健康造成了严重影响,而且这一群体的人口规模也在不断增加之中,带来了重大的社会影响。近年来尽管国内研究者开始对失独父母的心理健康状况及部分的风险因素进行初步调查,然而研究手段和关注范围都比较局限。基于全国性的横断调研数据,本研究重点关注失独父母的哀伤反应、抑郁症状、创伤后应激症状和失眠等心理指标,旨在考察失独人群的心理健康状况,并分析相关的潜在风险因素。采用分层随机抽样的方法在全国七大区发放问卷总计1150份,有效收回1054份问卷(回收率:91.65%,男性:37%,女性:63%)。分析结果显示延长哀伤障碍的检出率为38.33%,抑郁和创伤后应激障碍分别为76.47%和30.83%,另外有34.16%的失独父母存在中到重度的失眠问题,而且多种心理障碍间存在较高的共病率。多元逻辑回归分析结果表明,尽管不同心理症状的影响因素并不完全一致,但是共同的风险因素包括女性、小学及以下的受教育程度、无孙辈以及子女意外死亡等。上述结果说明了失独父母的心理健康状况普遍较差,呈现出复杂的反应模式,深入了解这一群体心理健康问题背后潜在的风险因素不仅能够提高正确识别出现严重哀伤反应、抑郁和创伤后应激症状的高危失独人群的可能性,而且还有助于专业工作人员为他们提供及时有效的心理干预。更多还原

【Abstract】 The death of the only child as the most traumatic bereavement event has had a serious impact on the physical and mental health of the parents who lost their only child, and the population size of the group is also increasing, which has brought a significant social impact. Although domestic researchers have begun to make a preliminary investigation of the mental health status of such kind parents and the relative risk factors in recent years, the research means and the scope of concern are limited. Based on the national cross-sectional study, this present study focuses on the psychological indexes such as the grief reactions, depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms and insomnia among the lost-only-child parents, aiming at investigating the mental health status of such population and analyzing the related potential risk factors. A total of 1150 questionnaires were distributed in seven regions of the country by stratified random sampling. 1054 questionnaires were effectively collected(the collection rate: 91.65%, male: 37%, females: 63%). The results showed that the detection rate of prolonged grief disorder was 38.33%, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder were 76.47% and 30.83% respectively, and 34.16% of the parents had moderate to severe insomnia problem, and there was a high incidence among various mental disorders. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, although the factors of different psychological symptoms were not exactly the same, the common risk factors included female, primary and below education level, no grandchildren, and accidental death of the-only-child. The above results suggest that the mental health status of the population is generally poor and presents a complex response model. To understand the potential risk factors behind the mental health problems of this group is not only able to improve the possibility of correctly identifying the high-risk group with severe greif, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder, tt also helps professional staff to provide timely and effective psychological intervention for them.更多还原