【作者】 张骏； 仝文； 刘志方；

【Author】 Zhang Jun;Tong Wen;Liu Zhi-fang;Department of Psychology, Shanxi Normal University;College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University;

【机构】 山西师范大学心理学系； 杭州师范大学教育学院；

【摘要】 年老化对认知加工有重要的影响。在英文阅读研究中,老年读者的阅读知觉广度小于青年读者,且更加对称。这说明英文阅读知觉广度的年老化是质变过程。而在德语阅读研究中,老年读者的阅读知觉广度略小且更加不对称,德文老年人的阅读知觉广度与青年人之间也无实质差异。这说明德文阅读知觉广度的年老化是量变过程。同为拼音文字的英语和德语在阅读知觉广度方面的年老化模式尚不相同,而中文与拼音文字间差异巨大,因而有必要研究中文阅读知觉广度的年老化模式。按照质变假设可以预测:中文老年读者的阅读知觉广度主要在右侧上小于青年读者;而按照量变假设则可以预测:中文老年读者的阅读知觉广度可能在右侧上略微小于青年读者,且左右不对称的程度增大。另有研究表明,构成句子的词长是影响阅读知觉广度的重要因素。若词长调节阅读知觉广度的年老化,那么不同词长句子阅读知觉广度的年老化模式不同,否则各种词长句子材料阅读知觉广度的年老化模式基本一致。采用移动窗口范式分别探测单字词句(完全由单字词组成的句子)、双字词句(完全由双字词组成的句子)和混合句子(句子的所有词由1-4个汉字组成,这些词汇的平均词长为1.5个字)阅读知觉广度的年老化模式。结果发现:(1)老年读者在各种词长句子上的阅读知觉广度范围均是从注视字至其右侧2个汉字;(2)青年读者阅读单字词句和双字词句时的阅读知觉广度为注视点左侧1个汉字到右侧2个汉字空间,混合句为注视点左侧2个汉字到右侧3个汉字空间。由此可见,年老化促使中文读者的阅读知觉广度变小,变得更加不对称;且句子构成词汇的词长并不调节中文阅读知觉广度的年老化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aging has an important effect on cognitive processing. In previous studies about English reading, the perceptual span of older readers was more symmetrical and smaller than that of young readers, which showed that the aging of perceptual span in English reading was a qualitative change. Nevertheless, in the studies about German reading, the perceptual span of older readers was slightly less and more asymmetric than that of young readers, but there were no substantial differences between the bilateral. This showed that the aging of perceptual span in German reading was a quantitative change. English and German, both as the alphabetic writing, have diverse aging pattern in reading perceptual span, not to speak of Chinese. Therefore, it is necessary to study the aging pattern of Chinese reading perceptual span. According to the qualitative change hypothesis, the reading perceptual span of Chinese old readers is less than that of young readers on the right side, while based on the quantitative change hypothesis, it can be predicted that the reading perceptual span of Chinese old readers should be slightly smaller than that of the young readers on the right side, and the degree of asymmetry is increased. Other studies have shown that word length is another significant factor affecting the perceptual span. If word length regulates the aging of perceptual span of reading, the aging pattern of perceptual span of different word length sentences is different. The moving window paradigm was used to detect the aging patterns of perceptual span of single-character words(consisting entirely of single-character words), double-character words(consisting entirely of two-character words) and mixed words(consist of 1-4 Chinese characters and the average word length of these words is 1.5 words) sentences. The results showed:(1) the old readers’ perceptual span range of all the word length sentences were two characters to the right of the fixation;(2) young readers’ perceptual span of single-character and two-character words sentence both had a perceptual span from one character to the left of the fixation to two characters to the right of the fixation, and mixed words sentence were from two characters to the left of the fixation to three characters to the right of the fixation, suggesting that the aging has made Chinese readers’ perceptual span smaller and more asymmetric. And, the word length of a sentence did not regulate the aging of perceptual span in Chinese.更多还原