【作者】 吴冉； 刘林林； 朱虹； 曹志永； 蒋春雷；

【Author】 Ran Wu;Lin-Lin Liu;Hong Zhu;Zhi-Yong Cao;Chun-Lei Jiang;Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University;Counseling and Psychological Services Center, East China Normal University;The 474th hospital of PLA;

【机构】 海军军医大学心理与精神卫生学系应激医学教研室； 华东师范大学心理健康教育与咨询中心； 中国人民解放军第四七四医院；

【摘要】 目的:正念冥想训练起源于内观或禅修,是一种对心理和身体进行自我调节的训练方式,其核心概念为关注当下、觉察、接纳不评判。近年来,正念冥想训练(如正念减压疗法、正念认知疗法等)在临床中被广泛应用于多种心理障碍和身体疾病的干预,可以有效改善练习者的情绪,促进精神障碍的康复。由于经典的正念冥想训练需要花费较长的时间,学习费用高且在国内师资相对缺乏,短时正念冥想训练经济、省时等优势使其受到越来越多的重视。本研究将采用随机对照实验,验证短时正念冥想训练对改善情绪状态及情绪加工功能的作用。方法:采用方便取样招募42名18-25岁的大学生,随机分配至实验组和对照组。实验组被试接受短时冥想训练,被试跟随指导语录音进行集体练习。指导语基于正念和内观的核心理念编制,要求被试保持对当下呼吸的觉知,接纳头脑中浮现的念头。对照组被试接受情绪调节教育,要求被试学习觉察和调节自己的情绪。训练持续7天,每天15min,实验前后对被试的情绪状态和情绪加工过程进行测量。测量包括人口学信息(年龄、性别等)、情绪状态(抑郁、焦虑)和情绪加工(情绪强度、情绪记忆、情绪注意偏向)。情绪状态测量采用流调中心抑郁量表和状态-特质焦虑问卷。情绪加工测量采用情绪强度识别任务、情绪图片再认任务和情绪点探测任务。结果:实验组被试在训练后观看积极、消极情绪图片时情绪强度显著下降(积极图片:t=2.70, d=0.44, p<0.05;消极图片:t=3.36, d=0.47, p<0.01);情绪记忆的反应时显著下降(积极情绪:t=4.58, d=0.86, p<0.001;中性情绪:t=3.17,d=0.57,p<0.01;消极情绪:t=4.22,d=0.82,p<0.01);消极情绪注意偏向显著下降(t=3.93,d=1.32,p<0.001)。经过训练,实验组被试在观看消极情绪图片时的情绪强度比对照组被试显著降低(t=-5.50, d=-1.70,p<0.001)。短时正念冥想训练后情绪状态无显著变化。结论:本研究证明短时正念冥想训练可以降低练习者的情绪反应强度,改善情绪记忆,降低负面情绪注意偏向,是一种经济、有效、安全的情绪加工训练方法,不仅有助于练习者提高情绪加工能力,还可以保持专注和平静。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objection:Mindfulness meditation is a form of self-regulatory exercise for mind and body, which is based on the core concepts of paying attention to the present moment and attaining a state of consciousness in a non-judgmental/accepting manner. As a clinical intervention, mindfulness meditation has been demonstrated to produce beneficial effects on mental and physical states, especially on emotional improvement and the recovery of affect-related psychopathology. It was proven to promote well-being and emotional balance, improve stress reactivity, and reduce negative feeling of anxiety and depression. However, the time commitment, teacher shortage and high cost are the main barriers to practice. For this reason, brief mindfulness meditation intervention received more attention. Here, we investigate the efficacy of brief mindfulness meditation(BMM, 15 min every day for one week) on mood and emotion processing by a randomized controlled trial. Method: 42 healthy participants aged 18-25 were randomly allocated to the experimental group and control group. The experimental group received BMM. Participants sat on a cattail hassock and followed mindfulness training audio instructions which is based on the connotation of mindfulness and basic Vipassana meditation skills to practice. Participants were instructed to close their eyes, relax, and then focus on the flow of their breath. They were told to passively notice and acknowledge the thoughts arising randomly and to simply let "it" go, by bringing the attention back to the breath. The control group received emotion regulation education(ERE). Participants were taught to recognize and regulate their own emotions. After that, they spend 15 min a day to promote emotion awareness and regulation. Both programs lasted for 1 week and outcome measures were collected at precise time points before and after the programs. Measurements included the participants’ demographic information(age, sex and education states), mood state(depression and anxiety) and emotion processing(emotion intensity, emotional memory and emotional attention bias). Mood state were measured by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-Form Y).Emotion processing were measured by emotion intensity task, emotional memory recognition task and attentional dot-probe task. Result: After intervention, Significant changes were found in positive and negative emotion intensity(positive emotion: t=2.70, d=0.44, p<0.05; negative emotion: t=3.36, d=0.47, p<0.01), response time of emotional memory task(positive emotion: t=4.58, d=0.86, p<0.001; neural emotion: t=3.17, d=0.57, p<0.01; negative emotion: t=4.22, d=0.82, p<0.01) and negative emotional attention bias(t=3.93, d=1.32, p<0.001) after the meditation training. Beneficial effects on emotional response to negative pictures were observed in BMM group when compared with ERE group(t=-5.50, d=-1.70, p<0.001). Conclusion: Brief mindfulness meditation was able to produce positive influence on emotion processing including emotion intensity, emotional memory and emotional attention bias, but not enough to improve mood state for healthy practitioners. Although the result only showed superiority of brief mindfulness meditation over emotional regulation education on negative emotional responding, BMM group did not show a negative effect on mood as ERE group. This BMM training could be applied to emotional self-care of healthy people. And it might be beneficial to emotional rehabilitation of patients with affective disorders. It is an economical, convenience and safe way that may help the practitioners to improve emotion processing and remain concentrated and peaceful.更多还原