【作者】 张群； 莫雷；

【Author】 Qun Zhang;Lei Mo;South China Normal University;

【机构】 华南师范大学；

【摘要】 以往研究结果表明,消极事件引发的消极情绪受到该事件与个体的心理距离的影响,两者是负相关。近期一项研究探讨了焦虑事件引发个体焦虑的程度受到该事件与个体的物理距离、社会距离以及时间距离的影响,心理距离越近,引发个体的焦虑就越强。本研究认为,先前研究对这个问题的探讨都没有充分注意"自我距离"这个重要的维度关键作用,本研究设想,消极事件只有在自我近距离发生,事件的时空维度的心理距离才会对个体焦虑的引发有显著的影响;消极事件如果在自我远距离发生,那么事件的时空维度的心理距离不会对个体焦虑的引发有显著的影响。也就是说,消极事件发生在"我"(个体自己)或与"我"有关的人身上的,其引发的消极情绪会受到事件的时空心理距离的影响;如果消极事件不是发生在"我"或与"我"有关的人身上,其引发的消极情绪则不会受到事件的时空心理距离的影响。本研究设计了两系列实验验证这个设想:实验1分别通过行为研究与ERP研究,探讨消极事件发生在个体自身或发生在他人身上,其时空心理距离是否会影响个体的焦虑,结果表明,消极事件发生个体自己身上,该事件的时空心理距离对个体的焦虑产生显著影响;而消极事件发生在他人身上,该事件的时空心理距离不会对个体的焦虑产生显著影响。实验2进一步探讨消极事件发生与个体在不同关系的人身上,其时空心理距离对个体焦虑的影响效应,实验结果表明,消极事件发生与在与个体关系密切的人身上,该事件的时空心理距离会对个体的焦虑产生显著影响;而消极事件发生在与个体无关的人身上,该事件的时空心理距离不会对个体的焦虑产生显著影响。本研究结果,验证了"消极事件的自我距离效应"。更多还原

【Abstract】 Previous studies have shown that the negative emotions caused by negative events are negatively correlated with the psychological distance between the event and the individual.A recent study explored that the degree of anxiety caused by an anxiety event is affected by the physical distance, social distance and time distance between the event and the individual.According to this study, previous studies have not paid enough attention to the key role of "self-distance", an important dimension. This study assumes that only when negative events occur in close proximity to the self can the psychological distance of the space-time dimension of the event have a significant impact on the occurrence of individual anxiety.If a negative event occurs at a distance from the self, then the psychological distance in the space-time dimension of the event will not have a significant impact on the initiation of individual anxiety.In other words, when a negative event happens to "me"(the individual himself) or the person related to "me", the negative emotion it causes will be affected by the time and space psychological distance of the event.If a negative event does not happen to me or the person associated with me, the negative emotions it causes will not be affected by the temporal and psychological distance of the event.This research designed two series of experiments to verify the idea: experiment 1 respectively through behavior research and ERP research, discusses the negative event occurs at the individual’s own or happen to others, whether the psychological distance of time and space can affect the individual’s anxiety, the results showed that the individuals themselves negative event occurs, the event psychological distance of space and time to have a significant impact of anxiety in the individual;When a negative event happens to another person, the time and space psychological distance of the event will not have a significant impact on the individual’s anxiety.Experiment 2 further explored the effect of time and space psychological distance between the occurrence of negative events and individuals in people with different relationships on individual anxiety. The experimental results showed that the time and space psychological distance of negative events would have a significant impact on individual anxiety when they occurred in people with close relationship with individuals.While negative events occur in people who are not related to the individual, the temporal and psychological distance of such events will not have a significant impact on the individual’s anxiety.The results of this study verify the "self-distancing effect of negative events".更多还原