【作者】 李萍； 张明明； 张珂烨； 罗文波；

【Author】 Ping Li;Mingming Zhang;Keye Zhang;Wenbo Luo;Research Center of Brain and Cognitive neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University;

【机构】 辽宁师范大学脑与认知神经科学研究中心；

【摘要】 情绪与工作记忆的关系是心理学领域中的重要内容。情绪刺激如何对工作记忆的信息更新过程产生影响尚存争议。本研究采用经典的N-back任务,使用肢体表情作为刺激材料,探究了情绪内容是否会对个体在短时间内保持和更新信息的过程产生不同影响。在实验一中,采用3(情绪类型:高兴、中性、恐惧)×2(记忆负荷:0-back、2-back)的被试内设计。其中,每一个block只包涵一种情绪条件。在0-back条件下,被试需要判断当前图片身份是否与第一张图片一致;在2-back的条件下,被试判断当前肢体表情身份是否与其倒数第二张图片相同。结果发现,在2-back条件下,被试对高兴和恐惧肢体的正确识别率高于中性肢体,且反应时更短;但前两者之间的正确率和反应时无显著差异。在实验二中,采用3(目标情绪类型:高兴、中性、恐惧)×2(记忆负荷:0-back、2-back)被试内设计,任务判断与实验一一致。但是,每个block中包涵三种的情绪类型。结果显示,在2-back条件下,与中性目标刺激相比,被试能够使用更少的时间对情绪性肢体表情进行反应,但能达到相似的正确率。总之,基于肢体表情为刺激内容,无论是积极情绪还是消极情绪均对工作记忆具有促进作用。该结果支持了情绪对认知加工具有促进作用的理论。但今后的研究还需借助更为严格控制意识、注意资源的实验范式,,采用ERP、f MRI、MEG等技术,进一步探讨肢体情绪对工作记忆影响的神经机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship between emotion and working memory is an issue of intense interest in the field of psychology. However, how emotional stimuli affect working memory deserves further discussion. In the current two studies, the classic N-back paradigm was adopted, with body expressions as the stimuli, to explore whether different emotions from human body have different impact on the short-term maintenance and update of memory. In the first study, we used 3(emotions: happy, neutral and fearful)×2( memory load: 0-back, 2-back) between-subject design with one type of emotional stimuli for each block. In the 0-back condition, participants were instructed to judge whether the identity of the present picture is the same as that of the first one; while in the 2-back condition, the identity of the present body emotion picture was compared with that of the second least one. The results indicated that identities of both happy and fearful conditions were better recognized than that of neutral condition, which is reflected by more accuracy and less reaction time(RT). The accuracy and RT difference between happy and fearful conditions were not significant.The second study design was consistent with experiment 1, except that stimuli of three emotions were mixed in each block. In the 2-back condition, less RT has been observed in emotional conditions compared to neutral one in spite of their similar accuracy. Given all of the above, emotional body expressions, whether positive or negative, can facilitate working memory. The findings support the hypothesis that emotion has a positive effect on cognitive processing. In future studies, stricter manipulation of conscious and attention as well as techniques such as ERP, fMRI and MEG are needed to further explore the neural basis of how body expressions affect working memory.更多还原