【作者】 吕喆； 王有智；

【Author】 Lv Zhe;Wang Youzhi;School of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University;

【机构】 陕西师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 本研究采用Laura Schulz(2011)研究16个月婴儿因果推理能力的实验范式,使用红色,黄色和绿色三种颜色的音乐盒玩具,通过两个实验设计来研究6-12个月婴儿是否也具有类似的因果推理能力。实验一中设置两种条件(物体之内条件×物体之间条件),实验结果发现:物体之内条件下,婴儿在进行尝试按压玩具失败后,更多的选择寻求妈妈的帮助去按响玩具;物体之间条件下,婴儿在进行尝试按压玩具失败后,更多的选择更换玩具,两种条件下婴儿的反应差异显著,说明婴儿可以根据极少的外界信息,进行加工后做出正确的因果推理。为了控制额外因素进行实验二,同样设置两种实验条件(使用者问题条件×玩具问题条件),实验结果发现,婴儿的行为同样表现出显著差异:使用者问题条件下,婴儿在进行尝试按压玩具失败后,更多的选择需求妈妈的帮助;在玩具问题条件下,婴儿在进行尝试按压玩具失败后,更多的选择更换玩具。说明婴儿可以根据外界有限的信息,判断是玩具坏了还是自己不会使用玩具,如果是自己不会使用该玩具,那么就会去寻求妈妈的帮助,如果是玩具出现了问题,那么就会选择更换玩具。两个实验结果都表明,婴儿可以通过加工外界少量信息做出正确的因果推理,且会根据信息的改变做出相应的选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study used Laura Schulz’s(2011) experimental paradigm that researched the 16-month infants causal reasoning ability. Using three colors music box toys in red, yellow and green, two experimental designs were used to study whether 6-12 months of babies also have similar causal reasoning ability. The first experiment sets two conditions( within-objection condition × between-objection condition). The experimental results show that under the, the babies choose to seek the help of the mother to press the toy after failing to try to press the toy. Under the between-objection condition, the babies choose to change the toy after failing to try to press the toy. The difference of the baby’s reaction under the two conditions is significant, indicating that the babies can make the correct causal reasoning according to the rare external information. In order to control the additional factors,the experiment 2 also sets two experimental conditions(user problem condition × toy problem condition). The experimental results showed that the baby’s behavior also showed significant difference: under the user’s problem condition, the babies are trying to press the toy,after the failure more choices require the help of the mother; in the case of toy problems, the babies choose to change the toy after failing to try to press the toy. Explaining that the babies can judge whether the toy is broken or not using the toy according to the limited information of the outside world. If the toy is not used by itself, then they will seek the help of the mother. If there is a problem with the toy, then the babies will choose replace the toy. Both experimental results show that infants can make correct causal reasoning by processing a small amount of information from outside, and make corresponding choices based on changes in information.更多还原