【作者】 郭听雨； 李斌； 陈辉； 何洁；

【Author】 Tingyu Guo;Bin Li;Hui Chen;Jie He;Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University,Xixi Campus;

【机构】 浙江大学心理与行为科学系；

【摘要】 属性失忆指成人可以迅速抑制已注意到并加工过但不再相关的属性(关键属性),即在意外再认测验中无法成功再认关键属性。由于儿童的中央执行功能未发展成熟,抑制能力也弱于成人,本研究假设儿童在意外再认测验中,能够成功再认关键属性。实验一随机选取19-22岁成人20名,5-6岁儿童20名。采用意外再认范式,前11试次要求被试从数字中找出字母并报告位置,第12试次为意外试次,要求被试再认字母身份并报告位置,为确保被试的认知资源能够同时处理这两个问题,13-16试次为控制试次,程序与第12试次相同。成人自己按键反应,儿童口头报告,主试按键。为排除类别加工策略,及成人与儿童报告方式不一致所产生的影响,即成人自己阅读意外问题所产生的损耗,实验二随机选取19-22岁成人20名,5-6岁儿童20名,被试任务为从四个数字中找出唯一一个大于5的数字,且成人的意外试次由主试口述意外问题,其他程序与实验一相同。两实验结果均发现儿童在意外测验中能够成功再认字母及数字身份,属性失忆现象几乎消失;而成人则无法在意外测验中再认字母身份,出现了属性失忆现象。这支持了我们的假设,即儿童无法迅速抑制已注意到并加工过但不再相关的信息。更多还原

【Abstract】 Attribute Amnesia effect indicated that adult would actively inhibit recently attended but no longer relevant attribute(i.e., key attribute, Chen & Wyble, 2015). It is well known that children have limited ability of inhibition because of lower central executive capacity as compared to adults. This raises a counterintuitive hypothesis that children would perform better than adults in reporting a key attribute in a surprise test. The current study directly tested this hypothesis. In Experiment 1 Adults(19-22 years old; N=20) and children(5-6 years old; N=20) were asked to report the location of a target letter among three distractor digits during presurprise trials. Then in a surprise trial they were unexpectedly asked to report the identity of the target. The surprise trial was followed by four control trials with the same format as the surprise. Experiment 2 was identical to Experiment 1 except that the target is a number larger than 5 while distractors were numbers smaller than 5. Attribute amnesia was replicated in adults, with the accuracy in the surprise test were 50% in both experiments. However, this attribute amnesia effect was dramatically reduced in that the accuracy on the surprise trial were 83% and 90% in Experiments 1 and 2 respectively. These findings supported our hypothesis that children tend to retain recently attended information despite it is no longer relevant for the ongoing task.更多还原