【作者】 常园青； 李音； 张昕； 李田园；

【Author】 Yuanqing Chang;Yin Li;Xin Zhang;Tianyuan Li;School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University;Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University;Department of Psychological Sciences, Hong Kong University of Education;

【机构】 北京大学心理与认知科学学院； 北京行为与心理健康实验室； 香港教育大学心理学系；

【摘要】 随着城市化的不断发展,离开原居住地进城为成年子女提供隔代照料的老年人群逐渐壮大,隔代照料也成为目前我国家庭照料的一种重要形式,但这部分流动老年人的健康状况,包括身体与心理健康与认知功能状况却经常被忽视。本研究采用SF-36生活质量量表、费城老年中心士气量表(PGC)和韦氏智力测验等测量工具,比较了那些进城为成年子女提供隔代照料与那些留在原住地不提供隔代照料的老年人在生理心理健康(SF-36生活质量量表)、自我老化态度(费城老年中心士气量表)以及认知功能(韦氏智力量表)等方面的差异。我们共完成了2个研究,研究1针对150名进城提供隔代照料的老年人和另外150名留在原居住地没有提供隔代照料的老年人分别进行了测验;同时在这300名老年人中随机抽取103名进行研究2的追踪测验(间隔6个月),其中53名为进城提供隔代照料的老年人,另外50名为留在原居住地不提供隔代照料的老年人。横断(研究1)和纵向追踪(研究2)的结果均显示,相比留在原居住地不提供隔代照料的老年人,进城提供隔代照料对老年人的身心健康、积极自我老化态度甚至认知功能都有了显著的提升,即提供隔代照料有助于改善老年人的身体与心理健康,保持积极的自我老化态度甚至提升老年人的认知能力。进一步的路径分析表明,孤独感可能在其中起到了中介的作用,即提供隔代照料,可以降低老年人的孤独感,而孤独感的降低则进一步改善了老年人的身心健康,甚至有助于提升其认知功能。这些结果显示,合理地发挥老年人在家庭照料中的作用有助于老年人保持健康与活力,同时也有助于改善家庭和社会的代际关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 With urbanization and economic development, the number of older adults who went to cities to provide grand-parental care, which is regarded as an important form of family care in China, for their adult children has gradually increased, However, the health effect, including their physical and mental health and cognitive function, of grandparenting is not well understood. In the present study, we adopted the SF-36 Quality of Life Scale, the Philadelphia Senior Center Morale Scale(PGC), and subscales of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(WAIS) to explore the differences in terms of physical and mental health(measured by SF-36), self-aging attitudes(measured by PGCMS), and cognitive functions(measured by WAIS) between those who provide grand-parental care for their adult children and those who do not. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 examined 150 older adults who provided grandparental care and another 150 older adults who did not. Six months later, we randomly selected 103 out of the initial 300 older adults to conduct a longitudinal follow-up(Study 2), of which 53 were older adults who provided grandparental care, and another 50 older adults were those who didn’t. The results of both cross-sectional(study 1) and longitudinal(study 2) studies showed that, compared with older adults who did not provide grandparental care, those older adults providing grandparental care has significantly higher physical and mental health, more positive self-aging attitudes and even better cognitive functions, suggesting that providing grandparental care can help improve older adults’ physical and mental health, and help them maintain a positive self-aging attitudes and even enhance their cognitive functions. Further path analysis showed that loneliness mediate the association between providing grandparental care and enhancement in functions, such that providing grandparental care can reduce loneliness of the older adults, which in turn can improve their physical and mental health and even enhance their cognitive functions. These results shed light on the practical implications of grandparenting in China for the society.更多还原