【作者】 李文福； 许郡婷； 辛明奇； 张庆林；

【Author】 Li Wenfu;Xu Junting;Xin Mingqi;Zhang Qinglin;School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University;Department of Psychology, Southwest University;

【机构】 济宁医学院精神卫生学院； 西南大学心理学部；

【摘要】 概念形成也叫概念学习,是指个体掌握概念的过程。在对概念形成过程的研究中,由Bruner等人提出的假设检验说占主导地位。在对假设检验说进行探索的过程中,形成了两种关于记忆在概念形成过程中的作用的观点。一些研究者认为记忆不起作用,概念形成是全或无的过程,存在替代取样现象。但其他研究者却主张概念形成是渐进的过程,假设库存在不断变小的现象,记忆发挥了作用。对于这种争论,到目前为止还没有一致结论。我们认为造成矛盾的原因在于两类研究中的概念形成过程对记忆资源的需求不同。为了检验这一假设,研究对工作记忆广度和工作记忆刷新两种重要的工作记忆能力进行了测量,并借助于经典概念形成实验和空白试验法实验探索了工作记忆在概念形成过程中的作用。选取运算-词汇广度和2-Back任务分别测量工作记忆广度和刷新,在经典概念形成实验和空白试验法实验中探索工作记忆对概念形成的影响。结果发现:1)工作记忆广度与经典概念形成实验所用步数以及替代取样发生次数显著负相关;2)工作记忆广度与空白试验法实验的正确率显著正相关;3)被试在2-Back任务上的正确率与经典概念形成实验中所用步数以及替代取样现象发生次数显著负相关;4)被试在2-Back任务上的正确率与空白试验法实验的正确率显著正相关。结果说明替代取样现象的发生是由于概念形成时需要验证的可能假设过多,超出了被试的工作记忆能力导致的,当需要验证的假设数量较少时,可以在概念形成过程中发现记忆的作用,即假设库不断减小。结果重复验证了以往研究发现,并提出了一种可能导致以往研究矛盾的原因,对于深入理解概念形成过程具有重要理论意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The concept formation, was defined as the process of grasping of concept. The Hypothesis-Testing theory holds a dominant position in the current research of the concept formation. This theory suspected that the concept formation was the process to proposed hypothesis and tested hypothesis. Previous studies showed that the denied hypothesis would be tested repeatedly in the classical concept formation experiment and the memory seemed to be not working. But the other studies revealed that the denied hypothesis would not be tested again in the Blank Trial Procedure and the memory promoted the concept formation. We assumed that the inconsistent with the function of memory was from the different demand of working memory in these procedure mentioned above. To this end, the operation-vocabulary breadth task was used to measure the capacity of working memory and the N-back task was performed to evaluate the refreshing of working memory. The process of concept formation was explored in both the classical concept formation task and blank trial procedure. The results showed that: 1) the WMC was significantly negative correlated with the number of steps used to formatted the concept and the number of sampling with replacement in the classical concept formation experiment; 2) the WMC was significantly positive correlated with the accuracy in the blank trial procedure; 3) the accuracy of N-back was significantly negative correlated with the number of steps used to formatted the concept and the number of sampling with replacement in the classical concept formation experiment; 4) the accuracy of N-back was significantly positive correlated with the accuracy in the blank trial procedure.更多还原