【作者】 张静怡； 陶婷； 高文斌；

【Author】 ZHANG Jing-Yi;TAO Ting;GAO Wen-bin;Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;

【机构】 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室中国科学院心理研究所； 中国科学院大学；

【摘要】 拖延是对一项任务或者决策的延迟、耽搁和推迟。以往研究结果显示,拖延与大五人格中的尽责性呈显著负相关,与神经质呈显著正相关。虽然大量研究探讨了人格与拖延行为的关系,但对人格影响拖延行为的中介因素的探索目前并不充分。人格类型和自我控制息息相关,以往研究结果显示,尽责性和宜人性与自我控制呈正相关,神经质则与其呈负相关。而拖延往往被看作是一种非理性的自我调节失败行为,个体由于自我控制资源的匮乏,而导致对某些任务的预期行动的延迟。自我控制双系统从自我控制的结构角度解释了自我控制行为,该模型认为一个完整的自我控制模型包括冲动系统和自我控制系统,它为解决青少年危险行为偏差和心理疾病等问题提供了新的视角。因此,本研究从自我控制双系统的视角出发,考察大五人格特质对拖延的影响以及自我控制在其中的中介作用。本研究选取某高校大学生147名(男性74人,女性73人),采用简版大五人格量表(Mini-IPIP)、一般拖延量表(GPS)和自我控制双系统量表(DMSC-S,包含冲动系统和控制系统两个维度)进行测量。为降低同源误差,研究分三个时间点完成数据收集工作。结果显示,拖延与宜人性(r=-0.17,P<0.05)和尽责性(r=-0.63,P<0.01)呈显著负相关,与神经质呈显著正相关(r=-0.36, P<0.01)。以冲动系统和控制系统为中介变量的SEM模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=3.70/4=0.93、P=0.45、RMSEA=0.00、NFI=0. 98、CFI=1.00、RFI=0. 93、GFI=0. 99,AGFI=0.96),冲动系统在宜人性对拖延的影响中起完全中介作用,控制系统在神经质对拖延的影响中起完全中介作用,冲动系统和控制系统在尽责性对拖延的影响中起部分中介作用。综上,大学生人格对拖延的影响受到自我控制双系统的中介作用,且在不同人格维度中自我控制双系统在二者关系中起作用的程度不同。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: Procrastination is the avoidance of doing a task that needs to be accomplished. Previous studies have shown that there exists a correlation between personality, self-control and procrstination. The dual system theory of self-control is one of the most popular behavioral theories, it divides self-control into two system: self-control system and compulsive system. This study is to explore how big five personality trait influenced procrastination and whether self-control might mediate this relationship. Methods: A total of 147 college students( 74 males and 73 females) were assessed with the Mini-IPIP Scale, General Procrastination Scale( GPS) and Dual-Mode of Self-Control Scale(DMSC-S, including control system and impulse system). Results: The GPS scores was negatively correlated with scores of agreeableness subscale(r=-0.17, P<0.05) and conscientiousness subscale(r=-0.63, P<0.01), and positively correlated with scores of neuroticism subscales(r=-0.36, P<0.01). The SEM model supported the hypothesized mediating model, demonstrating good fitted index(χ~2/df = 3.70/4=0.93、P=0.45、RMSEA =0.00、NFI = 0. 98、CFI = 1.00、RFI = 0. 93、GFI = 0. 99,AGFI=0.96). In this model, control system fully mediated the influence of agreeableness on the procrastination, impulse system fully mediated the influence of neuroticism on the procrastination, and those two systems partly mediated the influence of conscientiousness on the procrastination. Conclusion: Self-control served as an important mediator between the big five personality traits and procrastination. Additionally, the degree to how self-control affects the relationship between big five personality trait and procrastination is different under the different types of personality.更多还原