【作者】 安燕； 郑樊慧；

【Author】 Yan An;Fanhui Zheng;Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science;

【机构】 上海体育科学研究所；

【摘要】 心率变异性生物反馈训练是运动员调整身心状态的较新训练方法。研究发现在进行生物反馈训练时,心率变异性水平会增大,本研究的目的是评估心率变异性增强时认知水平的变化。以30名射击运动员为研究对象,其中实验组和对照组各15人。实验组运动员经过心率变异性生物反馈训练且掌握调节方法(共振频率呼吸法:以相同频次进行呼吸调整,每分钟6次),对照组没有经过任何训练。实验中通过测试运动员的视选择反应时来测评其认知水平,在测试中运动员需要对不同的反应做出选择,在屏幕的中央有1个脸的图标,图标的上下左右另有4个空位,测试开始后屏幕上下左右4个空位中会随机闪现不同的笑脸,当你发现上下左右闪现的笑脸与中间笑脸一致时可按上下左右键迅速将其点灭,测试过程中屏幕上的笑脸发生改变时计算机会发出短暂的铃声用于提醒。首先运动员进行10分钟基线测试,随后运动员熟悉测试项目,练习结束后进行第一次的反应测试。实验组运动员进行10分钟的自我调整,对照组运动员则休息。10分钟后所有运动员再次进行反应测试。全程采集运动员的心率变异性数据,本研究对心率HR和心率变异性的频域指标总功率(TP)、高频功率(HF)、低频功率(LF)、LF/HF进行分析,结果发现进行自我调整后,实验组运动员的HR显著下降,TP、LF、LF/HF显著增加,控制组无显著变化。与控制组相比,实验组运动员在自我调整后选择反应时间显著减少。研究结果显示心率变异性水平显著增强能提高运动员的认知水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heart rate variability biofeedback is a relatively new approach for helping athletes to adjust their physical and mental status. It is found that the level of heart rate variability increased during biofeedback training, and the purpose of this study was to assess changes in cognitive levels when heart rate variability was increased. The subjects were 30 shooters, including the experimental group and the control group, each 15 people. The athletes in the experimental group were trained by heart rate variability biofeedback and mastered the adjustment method(resonance frequency respiration method: adjusted respiration at the same frequency, 6 times per minute), and the control group have no training. In the experiment we test the choice reaction test of athletes to assess their cognitive level, athletes need to make a choice of different reactions, there are 1 face icon in the center of the screen, 4 seats in four directions around the icon, the different face will random flash at 4 vacancies when the test begin, if you find the same you can press the key to make it extinguish, the screen face in the process of testing would change and the computer will make a short ring to remind. First, the athlete underwent a baseline test of 10 minutes, then the athlete was familiar with the test item and then tested after the exercise. The athletes in the experimental group adjusted themselves for 10 minutes, while the control group took a rest. 10 minutes later, all the players tested again. The data of heart rate variability of athletes were recorded all the experiment, the analysis index including heart rate(HR), the total power frequency(TP), high frequency power(HF), low frequency power(LF), and LF/HF. The results showed that HR was significantly lower in the experimental group of athletes; TP, LF, LF/HF was increased significantly, the control group had no significant change. Compared with the control group, the reaction time of the athletes in the experimental group was significantly reduced after self-adjustment. The results show that the level of heart rate variability is significantly increased, which can improve the cognitive level of athletes.更多还原