【作者】 王玲玲； 王怡； 张子默； 杨婉婷； 夏天宇； 严超；

【Author】 Lingling Wang;Yi Wang;Zimo Zhang;Wanting Yang;Tianyu Xia;Chao Yan;School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University;

【机构】 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院；

【摘要】 快感缺失是精神分裂症阴性症状的核心症状之一,以往研究表明精神分裂症患者主要表现为期待性快感缺失,即期待未来即将发生的正性事件时所体验到的愉快情绪受损,目前尚不清楚其机制如何。根据Kring等人提出的"时间性愉快体验模型(Temporal Experience of Pleasure)",认为对表征的激活是直接影响期待愉快情绪产生的一个环节,因此本研究将从表征激活的角度入手,探讨精神分裂症患者的表征激活能力的受损是否能够解释他们的期待性快感缺失。本研究共收集了28例精神分裂症患者以及28例健康对照,每位被试都完成了自行设计的"奖赏表征激活任务",任务分成三个阶段:学习、测试和期待。学习阶段要求被试通过反馈对四张图片建立起相关的奖赏信息的表征,测试阶段用于探测被试的表征激活能力,而期待阶段则用来考察被试在不同表征激活水平下的期待情绪的表现模式,因变量采用主观的效价、唤醒度评分以及客观的按键次数来反映期待情绪。结果发现,测试阶段在正确率上存在显著的组间效应,患者的正确率显著低于对照;在期待阶段,情绪效价和唤醒度评分上都发现了显著的组间效应;在探测被试的趋近动机用于间接反映期待情绪的按键次数上,没有发现任何显著的组间效应。相关分析的结果发现,患者的阴性症状程度和他们在低概率赢钱情况下的表征激活能力存在显著负相关,而其工作记忆的能力和高概率赢钱情况下体验到的期待愉快情绪呈现显著的正相关。综合结果表明,精神分裂症患者存在表征激活能力的受损,而表征激活能力的受损部分影响了患者的期待愉快情绪。更多还原

【Abstract】 Anhedonia, inability to experience pleasure, has long been considered as a core deficit in negative symptom of schizophrenia. Previous studies have consistently found that schizophrenia patients mainly demonstrate anticipatory anhedonia, which refers to the inability to experience pleasure when anticipating pleasant events. But for now, it remains unclear about the underlying mechanism of anticipatory anhedonia in schizophrenia. According to the "Temporal Experience of Pleasure" model proposed by Kring et al, representation activation is one of the most important processes which has a direct impact on anticipatory pleasure generation. Based on the model, the current study aimed to directly measure the representation activation ability of schizophrenia patients and to find out how patients would react on their anticipatory pleasure under different representation activation level. A newly developed "Reward Representation Activation Task" was administrated to 28 patients with schizophrenia and 28 healthy controls. The task consisted of three phases: learning, test and anticipation. Subjects would generate the reward representation for four cues by repeatedly receiving the feedback when choosing one of them in learning phase. The test phase will detect the representation activation ability of subjects. The anticipation phase was designed to measure different pattern of anticipatory pleasure under different representation activation level. There’re three dependable variable measuring anticipatory pleasure including subjective valence, arousal rating and objective number of keystrokes. The results found that in test phase, patients with schizophrenia showed lower accuracy than control, indicating that they did have impaired ability of representation activation. In anticipation phase, schizophrenia patients rated lower on pleasantness and arousal experience whether the representation activation can be completed easily or not, suggesting that the impaired ability of representation activation may contribute to patients’ reduction in anticipatory pleasure. For number of keystrokes which indirectly reflect anticipatory pleasure by measuring their approaching motivation, there’s no difference between schizophrenia patients and controls. A significant negative correlation was found between schizophrenia patients’ negative symptoms and their representation activation ability in terms of high probability reward. In addition, patients’ working memory performances measured by back-wards number span werepositively associated with their pleasantness in anticipation of reward with low probability. In conclusion, the results showed that schizophrenia patients’ ability of representation activation may be impaired and the impairment has made them experience low levels of anticipatory pleasure.更多还原