【作者】 宋素涛； 李润泽； 李欣晶； 吴美云； 陈功香；

【Author】 Sutao Song;Runze Li;Xinjing Li;Meiyun Wu;Gongxiang Chen;School of education and psychology, University of Jinan;

【机构】 济南大学教育与心理科学学院；

【摘要】 启动效应(Priming Effect)是指执行某一任务,对后来执行相同的或类似的任务产生的促进作用,通常表现为反应时缩短和正确率的提高等。至今有关情绪性面孔重复启动效应的研究多停留在知觉水平上,鲜有研究来证明是情绪的表象中是否存在启动效应,且缺乏知觉与想象过程中启动效应差异的研究。因此,本研究探讨了情绪面孔的知觉和想象过程中,不同类型情绪性线索的启动效应,并关注了不同类型表情想象难易的差异性。研究采用2(任务:知觉、想象)×3(线索面孔:愉快、愤怒、中性)×3(情绪面孔:愉快、愤怒、中性)的被试内实验设计。情绪性面孔刺激材料来自Nim Stim面孔数据库,选择20位演员的愉快、愤怒和中性表情图片作为启动刺激,随后呈现同一演员不同表情的图片(知觉条件),或者通过颜色提示被试对表情图片进行想象(想象条件),知觉与想象任务条件下,被试均需要对情绪类型进行判断,记录反应时与正确率。研究发现,知觉任务下,启动刺激对相同效价目标刺激存在正启动,对相反效价的目标刺激存在负启动;想象任务下,愉快、愤怒和中性的线索表情均对相同类型表情产生显著的启动效应,同时对其他类型表情产生负启动;消除启动效应影响后发现,正性与负性表情是同样易于表象的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Priming Effect refers to the promoting effect for the same or similar task subsequently shown, when a task is experienced. This means that later experiences of the task will be processed more quickly and with higher accuracy. So far, the research on the repetition effect of emotional facial expressions has remained at the level of perception, and there is little research to prove whether there is a priming effect in the imagery processes of emotional facial expressions and lack of research on the difference of the priming effect between perception and imagination. Therefore, this study aims to explore the priming effect of different emotional faces during perceptual and imaginary processes, and the difference of mental imagery for different emotional faces. We adopted a 2(task: perception, imagination) × 3(cue face: happy, angry, neutral) × 3(emotional face: happy, angry, neutral) within subject experimental design. The happy, angry and neutral expressions of 20 actors were chosen from the Nim Stim dataset as the priming stimuli. Followed by the priming stimuli, the picture of the same actor(perceptual condition), or a colored frame without a face were shown(imagination condition, the colors were assigned to represent the imagination of different facial expressions). Under both the perception and imagination condition, the subjects were asked to discriminate the type of emotions, and the response time and the accuracy were recorded. It was found that there was a positive priming effect to the stimulus with the same valence and a negative priming effect to the stimulus with the opposite valence under the perceptual task; a positive priming effect were found for happy, angry and neutral stimulus when the same stimulus were required to imagine and a negative priming effect on the other types of expressions under the imaginary task. After eliminating the influence of priming effect, we found that positive and negative expressions are equally easy to imagine.更多还原