【作者】 杨盼盼； 李蓓蕾； 陶沙；

【Author】 Panpan Yang;Beilei Li;Sha Tao;State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University;Department of psychology, Beijing Normal University;Department of education, Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习重点实验室； 北京师范大学心理学部； 北京师范大学教育学部；

【摘要】 学校是除家庭以外对学生的学习和生活产生最大影响的微观系统,学校总体的情绪氛围对学生的学习动机及态度有重要影响。那么,学校总体的情绪氛围如何对学生个体的行为与态度发生作用?同伴感染理论从社会互动的角度认为,来自同伴的动机和行为的感染和传播可以在个体和群体中发生。当同伴群体感受到积极的学校情绪氛围,那么学生群体中会产生对较高质量的人际关系和较高学习自主性的期望,这些感知会影响到个体在教育互动中的学习动机和态度。已有研究多从学生个体层面上探讨学校情绪氛围对学生学习动机及态度的影响,也少有研究关注同伴关系在其中的中介作用,因此非常有必要采用多层模型探讨学校层面的整体情绪氛围通过个体感知的同伴关系影响其学习动机及态度的机制。本研究基于具有良好全国代表性的中国儿童青少年心理发育特征数据库,系统探讨学校总体情绪氛围通过同伴关系影响学生学业动机和态度的过程。研究以全国100个区县421所小学4⁶年级10826名小学学生和其同校的12023名同学为被试,测量了学生的情绪（孤独、抑郁、焦虑、学校生活满意度）、同伴关系及其学业动机与态度,将学生个体水平上的孤独、抑郁、焦虑和学校生活满意度合成到学校水平,并作为学校总体情绪氛围的观测指标,通过建立2-1-1潜变量多层中介模型（MSEM）分析学校总体情绪氛围、同伴关系和学生动机及态度之间的关系。研究结果表明:（1）学校总体情绪氛围的各指标和学生个体的同伴关系呈显著相关（r=.08,.08,.07,-.01,ps<.001）;学生总体情绪氛围的各指标和学生的学习动机与态度之间的关系也同样显著（r=.19,.15,.15,-.17,ps<.001）;学生个体层的同伴关系和学生的学习动机与态度之间的关系显著（r=.39,p<.001）。（2）多层中介模型拟合良好(CFI=.95, TLI=.91, RSMEA=.02, SRMR_组内=.01,SRMR_组间=.1),学校总体情绪氛围能显著预测学生学习动机与态度水平,（c?_b=1.08, p <.001, 95%的置信区间为[.59,1.57]）,直接效应量为68.79%;学校总体情绪氛围能显著正向预测学生的水平的同伴关系（a?_b=.72,p <.001, 95%的置信区间为[.51,.92]）,学生水平的同伴关系同时显著正向预测学生的动机和态度（b?_b=.68,p <.001, 95%的置信区间为[.30,1.07]）,并且学生水平的同伴关系在学校总体情绪氛围和学生的学习动机与态度之间起到中介作用（a?_b*b?_b=.49,p<.001,95%的置信区间为[.18,.80]）,间接效应量为31.21%。更多还原

【Abstract】 School plays a privileged and strategic role in the lives of children acting as their principle living environment out of family. In particular, schools have the capacity to promote academic functioning and attitudes. How does school-level emotion climate affect students’ academic motivation and attitude? According to peer contagion theory, peers’ motivation and behaviors can spread from individual to group and influence each other. Students will have higher expectation for better quality relationship and academic autonomy when their peers perceive positive school emotion climate. The previous studies have revealed that students’ academic motivation and attitude were influenced by student’s emotion. However, there is a paucity of research on the role of the school-level emotion climate and the mediating role of peer relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt multilevel linear model to explore how school-level emotion climate affect students’ motivation and attitude via peer relationship. This study used the national representative data from the National Children’s Study of China to exam the mediating effect of peer relationship between school-level emotion climate and student’s academic motivation and attitude. The school-level emotion climate were measured among 10827 4 th-6 th graders from 421 elementary schools, 100 counties across the 31 provinces. Other 12023 students from the same grades in the same schools completed questionnaires about their perception of peer relationship as well as academic motivation and attitude. 2-1-1 latent multilevel mediation structural equation modeling(MSEM) was built and the results showed that: 1)school-level emotion climate were correlated with peer relationship significantly(r=.08,.08,. 07,-.01, ps<.001), and also correlated with academic motivation and attitude(r=.19,.15,.15,-.17, ps<.001); the relationship between peer relationship and academic motivation as well as attitude were also significant(r=.39, p<.001). 2)the 2-1-1 MSEM had good fit indices(CFI=.95, TLI=.91, RSMEA=.02, SRMRw=.01, SRMRb=.1), school-level emotion climate predicted students’ motivation and attitude(c?_b=1.08, p <.001, 95% CI [.59,1.57])as well as peer relationship significantly(a?_b=.72, p <.001, 95% CI [.51,.92]), the direct effect size accounted for 68.79%. Meanwhile, peer relationship predicted students’ academic motivation and attitude significantly(b?_b=.68, p <.001, 95% CI [.30,1.07]), the peer relationship played mediating role in the relationships between school-level emotion climate and academic motivation and attitude(a?_b* b?_b =.49, p <.001,95% CI [.18,.80]), and the indirect effect accounted for 31.21%..更多还原