【作者】 付瑶； 张兴利； 施建农；

【Author】 Yao Fu;Xingli Zhang;Jiannong Shi;Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;

【机构】 中国科学院心理研究所； 中国科学院大学心理学系；

【摘要】 视觉工作记忆作为新的记忆能力指标,是对个体的记忆表征加工的精细程度的量化。工作记忆广度提供对记忆表征数量信息,而工作记忆精确度提供对记忆表征质量的信息。二者均为个体工作记忆能力的重要指标,但二者在儿童期的发展关系却仍有待实证研究探索。本研究考察了6-15岁儿童及成人的视觉工作记忆精确度和工作记忆广度,并测量其流体智力作为控制变量。结果发现工作记忆广度随年龄增长而上升,在12-13岁接近成人水平;对单个项目的工作记忆精确度在14-15岁接近成人水平,而对多项目的工作记忆精确度在14-15岁仍未达到成人水平,可能在青春期继续发展。分析被试的反应概率发现,多项目的工作记忆精确度的增长主要是由于对非目标刺激反应概率的增长。工作记忆精确度的发展速度不受工作记忆广度是否成熟的影响,说明即使个体存储记忆项目的数量不再变化,但个体加工存储记忆项目的程度仍会显著增高。本研究结果无法用插槽模型的假设进行解释,仅使用存储表征数量作为个体工作记忆能力指标可能会导致有偏估计。更多还原

【Abstract】 Visual working memory(VWM) precision, as a new working memory capacity indicator, measures the precision of the visual information held in mind for brief periods of time. The usual indicator, working memory span measures the number of information held in VWM, while precision measures the quality of VWM. They both are important indicators of VWM capacity, yet how they develop during childhood still remains unclear. The study investigated the development of VWM span and precision among 6-15-year-old children when taking fluid intelligence as controlled variable. Results showed that VWM span increased with age, reaching adult level at 12-13 years. Meanwhile VWM precision for one item increased till 14-15 years and precision for three item kept developing which might continue into the adolescence. Analyzing the probability of response found that the development of precision mainly due to the decreasing probability of non-target response. It demonstrated that whether VWM span matured would not influence the precision development significantly which could not explained by Slots Model. Further, this would suggest that it would be reasonable to take both span and precision as developmental indicator to get a full view of individuals’ VWM capacity.更多还原