【作者】 陈功香； 刘超； 任芬； 刘凤娥；

【Author】 Chen gongxiang;Liuchao;Renfen;Liu fenge;Institute of Education and Psychology, University of Jinan;Central University of Finance and Economics;

【机构】 济南大学教育与心理科学学院； 中央财经大学；

【摘要】 学习判断(judgments of learning,JOLs)是个体对学习材料在未来测验中能否正确回忆的预测,是元记忆监测的重要形式。Nelson和Dunlosky(1991)的研究发现,和即时学习判断相比,延迟学习判断的相对准确性较高,研究者将这种现象称为延迟学习判断效应(delayed JOL effect)。由于其在教育中的重要应用,延迟学习判断受到心理学家的广泛关注,从不同角度提出各种理论试图解释该效应,但是并没有取得一致性结论,并且对于延迟学习判断的脑认知加工机制较少涉猎。本研究通过两个实验探讨了延迟学习判断的认知机制。实验一通过限定学习判断时间论证提取对延迟学习判断的影响,结果却发现虽然和非快速学习判断组相比,快速学习判断组的反应时降低,但是并没有改变判断等级和再认成绩,说明快速学习判断并没有改变延迟学习判断的提取方式或判断过程;实验二通过使用高时间分辨率的事件相关电位(Event-Related Potentials,ERPs)技术进一步探究延迟学习判断不同等级的认知神经机制,发现高低等级的学习判断存在着400-600ms早期新旧效应和800-1200ms晚期右侧额区新旧效应。这说明延迟学习判断包含不止一个加工过程,早期新旧效应反映了线索再认的过程,晚期右侧额中区效应则反映了对提取之后的评估过程,研究证实了延迟学习判断的两阶段模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a form of metamemory monitoring,Judgements of learning(JOLs) are predictions of the likelihood of remembering studied material on a future test. The study found that the relative accuracy was higher for delayed JOLs than immediate JOLs(Nelson &Dunlosky, 1991). A lot of researchers called it delayed-JOL effect. Because of its important applications in education, JOLs have been extensively studied by psychologists. Many scientists advanced various theories to explain delayed-JOL effect, but there is no agreedconclusion. And little is known about the mechanism of brain and cognitive processes of delayed JOLs. This study investigated the cognitive processes of delayed JOLs by two experiments. Experiment 1 explored effects of limited time on delayed JOLs.The results showed that the RT is higher for un-speeded JOLs than speeded JOLs. But there was no difference between two groups on levels of judgements and memory performance because speeded JOLs didn’t change the processes of retrieval or judgements. Experiment 2 explored the neural and cognitive bases of four levels of delayed JOLs by using Event-Related Potentials(ERPs). The results showed that there was significant difference between high JOLs and low JOLs from 400 to 600 ms and from 800 to 1200 ms. It indicated that delayed JOLs involved two stages. Early old/new effect reflected the recognition of the cue. Late old/new effect at rightmid-frontal area reflected evaluation stage behind the retrieval, these results confirmed the two-step model of delay JOLs.更多还原