【作者】 杨营凯； Grant S.Shields； 刘衍玲； 郭成；

【Author】 Yingkai Yang;Grant S.Shields;Cheng Guo;Yanling Liu;The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaptation, Faculty of Psychology, Research Center of Mental Health Education, Southwest University;Department of Psychology, University of California;

【机构】 西南大学； Department of Psychology University of California；

【摘要】 研究者认为执行功能与儿童流行性肥胖之间存在密切关系,肥胖以及超重个体可能表现出执行功能上的缺陷。然而,也有研究没有重复这一研究结果。为了确定肥胖以及超重个体是否表现出执行功能缺陷以及这一效应量的大小,采用稳健方差估计的方法,对72项研究(包括4772名肥胖以及超重个体)进行了元分析,比较了肥胖以及超重个体与正常个体在抑制控制,灵活转换,工作记忆,决策,言语流畅性以及计划能力;调节变量包括年龄,性别,BMI,以及执行功能的测量任务。研究结果发现,肥胖个体表现出了广泛的执行功能缺陷,包括抑制控制(g~+=-0.363),灵活转换(g~+=-0.372),工作记忆(g~+=-0.331),决策(g~+=-0.331),言语流畅性(g~+=-0.373)以及计划能力(g~+=-0.346)。超重个体仅仅在抑制控制(g~+=-0.234)以及工作记忆上表现出了缺陷(g~+=-0.132)。执行功能的测量任务调节了执行功能与决策以及工作记忆之间的关系。未来研究应继续考察执行功能与肥胖以及超重关系的内在机制以及针对执行功能进行干预能否个体的体重状态。更多还原

【Abstract】 Prior research has suggested that obesity/overweight may be associated with deficits in executive function. If true, this has important clinical implications. To determine the true magnitude of associations between obesity/overweight and various executive functions and to evaluate moderators of those associations in a meta-analysis. We identified 72 studies—with 4,772 overweight/obese participants—that met our inclusion criteria. The robust variance estimation random effects meta-regression technique was used to examine effect sizes comparing obese or overweight individuals to healthy-weight individuals on measures of inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, decision making, verbal fluency, and planning. Examined moderators of these effects included age, gender, body mass index, and task used to assess the respective executive function. Obese participants showed broad impairments on executive function, including on tasks primarily utilizing inhibition(g~+ =-0.363), cognitive flexibility(g~+ =-0.372), working memory(g~+ =-0.331), decision-making(g~+ =-0.441), verbal fluency(g~+ =-0.373), and planning(g~+ =-0.346). Overweight participants showed significant deficits in inhibition(g~+ =-0.234) and working memory(g~+ =-0.132) performances compared to normal weight controls. The only moderator of effects of obesity to emerge significant was the task used to assess the respective executive function, which moderated effects of obesity on working memory and decision-making. Future research should examine possible underlying mechanisms of the association between excessive weight and poor executive function as well as the effects of executive function interventions on weight status in individuals with obesity/overweight.更多还原