【作者】 山周魁东； 袁浚； 董晓蔚； 汪晨波；

【Author】 Zhoukuidong Shan;Jun Yuan;Xiaowei Dong;Chenbo Wang;Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, East China Normal University;

【机构】 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院认知神经科学研究所；

【摘要】 疼痛是一种不愉悦的主观体验。疼痛影响前扣带回、脑岛等脑区的神经活动,进而影响人的认知、情绪和决策行为。研究表明,共同经历疼痛的团队成员合作行为的比例会得到加强。然而,疼痛改变合作行为是否受情境的影响并不清楚。本研究探讨在不同合作指数的情境下,急性疼痛如何影响合作行为,从而揭示疼痛在不同情境下影响合作的心理机制。研究招募64名健康大学生被试。被试随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组手臂内侧涂抹辣椒素软膏引发疼痛,对照组涂抹面霜。之后,被试完成72次囚徒困境任务,分为0.1-0.9共9种不同的合作指数情境,数值越高代表该情境下合作行为能获得更多金钱收益。被试在该任务中的决策结果可以反映与他人的合作率。结果显示,对照组与疼痛组的被试在博弈任务中总体合作率的差异显著,疼痛组被试的合作率更低;同时,疼痛组的被试获得的金钱奖赏比对照组更多。相对其他情境,在中等合作指数(0.4-0.6)情境下两组合作率差异更大,即疼痛对合作的效应受到合作情境的影响。这些结果表明,疼痛可能会降低与他人合作的意愿,但会促进对金钱奖赏的追求。在特定情境下(例如中等的合作指数条件),当不合作有可能获取更多个人利益时,个体会选择更多的不合作行为。本研究支持了疼痛会让个体的趋利本能被激活,更为关注自身而非集体利益的假说。研究揭示了疼痛影响合作行为的心理机制,有助于更好地了解疼痛个体的社会行为。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pain is an unpleasant subjective experience. Pain affects neural activity of cingulate gyrus and insula, which could change our cognitive, emotional and decision-making abilities. It is reported that shared pain might increase the rate of cooperation within the same group. However, it is not clear whether pain’s effect on cooperation is modulated by different contexts. Our study aims to explore how acute pain affects cooperative behavior in different situations. Sixty-four undergraduate students were recruited in this experiment and divided into two groups. Pain was induced by topical application of Capsaicin cream to the dorsum of a forearm in pain group. Facial cream was used as control. The participants took part in 72 rounds of Prisoner’s Dilemma Game with different levels of cooperation index(CI), ranging from 0.1 to 0.9. A higher value of CI means more money could be obtained after cooperation. The participants’ decision reflected their cooperation rate toward the opponent. We found that the cooperative rate in pain group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Also, subjects in the pain group gained more scores than the control group. The difference between the two groups was much larger when CI was between 0.4 and 0.6, compared to other CI conditions, suggesting that the effect of pain was modulated by the context of cooperation. Our results indicate that pain might reduce the willingness to cooperate with others while it promotes the desire for monetary reward. This study supports the hypothesis that pain activates individual’s instinct of benefit-seeking so that the individual focuses more on self-interest than on collective interest. The study provides important information for understanding how pain affects cooperation.更多还原