【作者】 崔倩； 赵科； 傅小兰；

【Author】 Qian Cui;Ke Zhao;Xiaolan Fu;Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;

【机构】 中国科学院心理研究所；

【摘要】 人类的时间知觉会受到情绪的调节而发生主观扭曲。情绪体验可以基于当下刺激,也能产生于对刺激的预期中。通过系列实验,我们探讨了不同类型的情绪(高兴、恐惧)在预期和不可预期的情况下如何影响主观时间。研究结果显示恐惧性情绪预期在调节时间知觉中的存在特异性。其中,预期恐惧情绪相比中性刺激诱发了更长的时间估计,而对于不可预期的恐惧情绪刺激却产生了与之相反的时间压缩效应。该类效应未出现在高兴情绪中。这些结果表明,情绪预期能影响主观时间知觉。恐惧情绪预期能提高计时阶段的唤醒度从而延长主观时间;不可预期的恐惧情绪则可能通过破坏时间知觉记忆的巩固而缩短主观时间。最后,基于标量计时理论,我们将提出新的认知模型理解情绪与时间知觉的关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The subjective time distortions in human beings can be modulated by emotion. Emotional experiences not only can be induced by the present stimuli, but also can be generated from the anticipation of the stimuli. We investigated how different types of emotion(happiness and fear) affect subjective time perception under predictable and unpredictable conditions by a series of experiments. The results showed that there was specificity in modulating time perception for fearful emotion anticipation. Predictable fearful stimuli lengthened time estimation compared to the neutral ones. By contrast, the unpredictable fearful stimuli shortened time estimation compared to the neutral ones. These effects did not emerge for the emotion of happiness. These results demonstrated emotion anticipation can affect subjective time perception. Fearful expectation may boost arousal in the clock stage and lengthen the temporal estimations. However, the unpredictable fear may shorten the perceived interval by disrupting the memory consolidation of temporal information. In the end, we will propose a new cognitive model based on the scalar expectancy theory to further understand the relationship between emotion and time perception.更多还原