【作者】 甘怡群； 郑磊； 苗淼； 于肖楠； 王力；

【Author】 Yiqun Gan;Lei Zheng;Miao Miao;Nancy Xiaonan Yu;Li Wang;School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University;College of Socila Sciences,China University of Political Science and Law;Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong;Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Science;

【机构】 北京大学心理与认知科学学院北京市行为与心理健康重点实验室； 中国政法大学社会学院； 香港城市大学应用社会科学系； 中国科学院心理研究所；

【摘要】 未来取向与目标设定、积极预期以及任务执行等能力密切相关,包括情绪、态度、认知和动机结构。目前,对于未来取向的研究主要集中在健康行为、物质滥用、工作绩效和学业成绩等领域,对其形成和分子遗传学机制的研究探讨较少。然而,现阶段,对于基因与环境交互作用影响积极心理资源的研究兴趣与日俱增。本研究旨在通过分子遗传学手段探讨、COMT Val158Met基因多态性和应激(包括早期逆境和实验室操纵控制剥夺)对未来取向形成和表现的影响。研究一招募了两个被试样本,样本1包括学生562人(312女性,平均年龄20.76±2.38岁),样本2包括公司职员454人(272名女性,平均年龄29.46±5.58岁)。被试填写了未来取向问卷,收集了被试的唾液样本,提取DNA并进行分型。两个样本的结果一致性的表明,早期逆境能够预测个体成年的未来取向水平,COMTVal158Met基因多态性能够调节早期逆境与成年期未来取向的关系。具体来说,Met/Met纯合子在早期逆境条件下,发展出更高的未来取向。而Val/Val纯合子和杂合子在早期逆境条件下,未来取向没有得到充分的发展。研究二招募了154名大学生被试,将他们随机分成控制剥夺组和对照组,同样发现在控制了前测状态未来取向后,COMTVal158Met基因多态性能够调节实验室操纵的应激与后测状态性未来取向的关系。Met/Met纯合子在控制剥夺条件下,表现出更高的状态未来取向。而Val/Val纯合子和杂合子在控制剥夺条件下,状态未来取向有显著降低。基于这些发现,研究者提出了"差别性应激后成长假说",解释Met/Met纯合子可能作为逆境商数的遗传标志物。更多还原

【Abstract】 Future orientation is defined as a disposition that is characterized by goal-related thoughts, plans, motivations, feelings, and actions. At present, research on future orientation mainly focus on health behavior, substance abuse, and job or academic performance. Relatively few research have explored genetic mechanism of future orientation. However, there is rising interest in the effect of gene and environment interaction on positive mental resources. We examined the interactions of the COMT Val158 Met polymorphism and stress(early stressful life events, experimental prime) on the development and manifestation future orientation. In Study 1, 562 Chinese university students(Sample 1) and 454 Chinese company employees(Sample 2) self-reported early stressful life events and completed a measure on future orientation. Buccal cells were collected for all participants and DNA was extracted and genotyped. Results from the 2 samples consistently indicated that early adversity predicted future orientation level in adult, and the COMT Val158 Met polymorphism moderated the association between early adversity and future orientation. In particular, the Met/Met genotype was associated with higher levels of future orientation in the more adverse conditions, whereas the participant with Val carriers had low levels of future orientation in the adverse conditions. Study 2 included 154 university students, and they were randomly divided into a control-deprivation group and a control group. Similar findings were obtained which indicated COMT Val158 Met polymorphism moderate the association between early adversity and post-test state future orientation, when and pre-test state future orientation was controlled. Met/Met genotype again was associated with higher levels of post-test state future orientation in the more adverse conditions. Based on the consistent findings in these studies, we proposed a "differential post-stress growth hypothesis," which may serve as genetic evidence for the adversity quotient.更多还原