【作者】 郑磊； 甘怡群；

【Author】 Lei Zheng;Yiqun Gan;School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University;

【机构】 北京大学心理与认知科学学院北京市行为与心理健康重点实验室；

【摘要】 未来取向与目标设定、积极预期以及任务执行等能力密切相关,包括情绪、态度、认知和动机结构。最近研究发现,重度抑郁、躁狂患者想象未来积极事件时缺少足够的未来情节建构能力,这种对未来缺乏积极预期与个体的负性情绪存在相关性,这提示较低的未来取向可能与情绪问题存在相关性,较高的未来取向能够通过情绪调控,有效的缓冲负性事件带来的效应。本研究旨在探讨未来取向是否存在这种情绪调控效应,以及如何通过认知功能实现情绪调控。研究共招募上班族被试397人,其中研究一217人(107名女性,平均年龄30.30±5.92岁)完成一次横断测量,研究二180人(120名女性,平均年龄29.97±4.83岁)完成间隔两周的4次纵向测量。研究结果表明,首先,未来取向能够调节工作压力和抑郁倾向之间的关系,较高未来取向的个体能够更好的应对工作压力,表现出较少的抑郁情绪。其次,未来取向对抑郁倾向和工作倦怠具有负向预测作用,这种预测作用通过认知功能实现。具体来说,未来取向既能够通过计划作为中介变量负向预测工作倦怠,也能够通过增强希望感来减少思维反刍,进而负向预测工作倦怠;此外,未来取向还能够通过中介变量积极重评负向预测抑郁情绪,以及通过增强个体希望感来减少思维反刍,进而负向预测抑郁情绪。总之,未来取向能够有效的缓冲负性事件带来的效应,这种情绪调控功能可以通过计划和积极重评,以及通过增强希望感减少思维反刍进而减少负性情绪。更多还原

【Abstract】 Future orientation is defined as a disposition that is characterized by goal-setting, positive expectation, and actions, which includes structures such as emotion, attitude, cognition and motivation. Recent research indicates that patients with depression and manic are less likely to generate a positive expectation due to insufficient episodic future thinking. The association of the lack of positive expectations and emotional problems suggest that future orientation may have an emotional regulation effect. In line with that, the purpose of present research was to examine whether future orientation has a possible to buffer work-related stress and how future orientation to regulate emotion. In total, 397 company employees were recruited. Among participants, 217 of them(107 females, mean age = 30.30± 5.92 years) filled out a cross-sectional measurement for study 1, and 180 of them(120 females, mean age = 29.97± 4.83 years) completed a four waves measurement every two weeks for study 2. The results showed that future orientation moderated the relationship between work-related stress and depression. Individuals with high future orientation(vs. low future orientation) are less likely to become depressed when they experienced high levels of work-related stress. In addition, future orientation negatively predicted both depression and job burnout. Specifically, high future orientation not only increased the planning for future goal and resulted in decreased job burnout, but also increased hope to inhibit rumination and also lead to decreased job burnout. In line with that, future orientation reduced the depression not only through a mediator positive reappraisal, but also through a chained mediation from hope to rumination. In conclusion, future orientation buffered the negative effect of work-related stress, and reduced depression and job burnout through emotional cognitive function such as positive reappraisal, planning, and rumination.更多还原