【作者】 苗淼； 甘怡群；

【Author】 Miao Miao;Yiqun Gan;School of Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law;School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University;

【机构】 中国政法大学社会学院； 北京大学心理与认知科学学院及行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室；

【摘要】 生命意义感对于个体的压力应对具有适应性的功能,已有研究大多聚焦于已经发生或正在发生的应激事件,关注反应性的应对策略,而本研究将聚焦于针对未来应激源的压力应对,考察生命意义感是否能够促进未来取向应对。同时,我们以未来时间聚焦为切入点,探讨生命意义感促进未来取向应对的拓展机制——在时间维度上的拓展功能。本研究以145名在职人员为研究对象,随机分入三个组别:干预组、拍照对照组、空白对照组。其中,干预组的被试需要在连续一周内通过拍照结合意义书写的形式,对生命意义感进行干预。在干预前后测量生命意义感、正性情绪、未来时间聚焦和未来取向应对的整体水平,并且在干预过程中采用日记研究的形式测量生命意义感、正性情绪和未来时间聚焦的状态性水平,从而考察干预的即时效果和长程效果。前后测的重复测量方差分析显示,与两个对照组相比,干预组的拥有意义感显著提高,组别和前后测有显著的交互作用,F(2,135)=10.08,p<0.001,η_p~2=1.30;同时,还伴随着正性情绪、未来时间聚焦和未来取向应对的提高,组别和前后测的交互作用均显著,ps<0.001。基于日记研究的数据建立多层线性模型,结果表明,拥有意义感(B=0.25,SE=0.07,p<0.001)和寻求意义感(B=0.20,SE=0.05,p<0.001)均能预测未来时间聚焦,初步验证了生命意义感在时间聚焦层面的拓展功能。进一步,中介分析显示,拥有意义感(β=0.07,SE=0.04,95%CI=[0.0121, 0.1576])和寻求意义感(β=0.08,SE=0.04,95%CI=[0.0213,0.1743])经由未来时间聚焦促进未来取向应对的中介作用均成立。因此,本研究验证了生命意义感对于未来取向应对的促进作用及其拓展机制,即,生命意义感能够通过提升个体的未来时间聚焦,继而促进未来取向应对。该结果在未来视角的框架下,对生命意义感的功能进行了补充,为阐释生命意义感的适应性功能提供了一个新的视角。同时,将生命意义感促进压力应对的功能从创伤情境拓展到日常应激,验证了拍照结合意义书写这一干预范式的有效性,为普通人群在日常生活中的生命意义感干预提供了新的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Meaning in life is proved to have adaptive functions for individuals’ stress coping. Previous studies on the relationship between meaning in life and stress coping were mostly focused on reactive coping, examining how meaning in life promotes coping with the stressors that have already occurred or are occurring. The present study is focused on future stressors, aiming to explore whether meaning in life could promote future-oriented coping. Meanwhile, we will center on future temporal focus and explore the broadening mechanism of meaning in life promoting future-oriented coping. One hundred forty-five adults participated in the study, randomly assigned to three groups, an intervention group and two control groups. Participants in the intervention group were required to take a photo of the meaningful objects in their daily life and write about its meaning on 7 consecutive days. The general levels of meaning in life, positive emotion, future temporal focus, and future-oriented coping were measured before and after intervention. Also, state levels of meaning in life, positive emotion, and future temporal focus were measured daily during the intervention week. Repeated measures ANOVA found a significant interaction effect of group × survey, F(2,135)=10.08,p<0.001,η_p~2=1.30, showing that compared with two control groups, the participants after intervention improved their levels of presence of meaning in life significantly. Moreover, their levels of positive emotion, future temporal focus, and future-oriented coping were also improved. HLM was conducted with daily diary data, and results showed that both presence of meaning in life(B=0.25,SE=0.07,p<0.001) and search for meaning(B=0.20,SE=0.05,p<0.001) positively predicted the level of future temporal focus, suggesting the broadening function of meaning in life on temporal focus. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that both presence of meaning in life(β= 0.07,SE=0.04,95%CI = [0.0121, 0.1576]) and search for meaning(β =0.08,SE=0.04,95%CI = [0.0213, 0.1743]) were mediated by future temporal focus on future-oriented coping. Therefore, the present study provides evidence for the promoting function of meaning in life on future-oriented coping and the underlying broadening mechanism, i.e., meaning in life promotes future-oriented coping via future temporal focus. Meanwhile, the findings provide further evidence for the positive role of meaning in life, under the framework of future-oriented perspective. In addition, the adaptive function of meaning in life on stress coping is expanded from trauma contexts to daily stress coping scenarios. The intervention paradigm, which combines photo-taking with meaning-writing, proves to be effect for promoting meaning in life, thus, providing new ideas for the intervention of meaning in life in daily life among the general population.更多还原