【作者】 张舒婷； 牛生杰； 吕晶晶； 周悦；

【Author】 ZHANG Shuting;NIU Shengjie;LV Jingjing;ZHOU Yue;Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration;School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology;Bureau of Meteorology of Hubei Province;

【机构】 中国气象局北京城市气象研究所； 南京信息工程大学大气物理学院； 湖北省气象局气候中心；

【摘要】 本文利用2013年12月-2014年1月期间的Micaps资料,以及南京冬季雾霾天气综合观测期间获取的自动站、激光雷达等雾霾天气观测资料,探讨了南京冬季雾霾过程的演变规律,在此基础上研究了热力因子和动力因子对雾/霾及其转化过程的影响,取得了一些主要结论如下:(1)霾阶段地面温度较高,其次为霾向雾转化阶段,雾阶段地面温度最低,较低的温度有利于水汽凝结,也会导致粒子吸湿活化增长;(2)由于悬浮在低空的干粒子对长波辐射的吸收远比大量水滴弱,但和晴天相比霾气溶胶粒子又会增加向下的长波辐射值,转化过程中向下的长波辐射增强,并随着雾的发展其大小逐渐接近于向上长波辐射;(3)雾霾区域的表面风速偏小,霾区域垂直混合偏弱,不利于雾霾的扩散,加强雾霾在近地面的聚集,能见度下降。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation studies the statistical and optical properties of aerosols, and explores the macro and micro structures of Nanjing fog and haze events in winter by analyzing such macro and micro measurements of fog and haze events collected between Dec. 2012 and Jan. 2014 in Nanjing. On that basis, it investigates the effects of thermodynamic factors and dynamic factors upon fog/haze, and haze-fog transformation. The investigation has produced some illuminatingfindings, which are presented as follows:(1) The haze stage had higher surface temperatures, followed by the haze-fog transformation stage, which was in turn followed by the fog stage;(2) Due to dry particles floating in low altitudes were much weaker than big droplets in terms of their ability to absorb long waves whereas compared with sunny weather, aerosol particles in haze weather would increase downward long-wave radiation;(3) When surface wind speed was relatively low, transportation of fog/haze to other regions would decrease, which wasn’t detrimental to the maintenance and development of fog/haze and led to lower visibility. Vertical shear of horizontal winds between 500 h Pa and 850 h Pa was closely related to vertical mixing in the middle and lower strata of the troposphere.更多还原