【作者】 薛一江； 张庆明； 龙仁荣； 郑克勤； 陆阳予； 任思远； 商城；

【Author】 Xue Yijiang;Zhang Qingming;Long Renrong;Zheng Keqin;Lu Yangyu;Ren Siyuan;Shang Cheng;State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology;

【机构】 北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 随着空间碎片与航天器防护的矛盾日益突出,以及地球空间物理等领域的研究需要,多级轻气炮作为一种超高速发射平台在实验研究和验证方面起着不可或缺的重要作用。文章首先介绍国内外轻气炮技术的研究现状和发射能力,并分析了目前常用的两种驱动方式,火药驱动和高压气体驱动的优缺点以及发射速度极限。根据一维等熵流动理论,推导了轻气炮泵管活塞的运动方程,结果表明影响轻气炮活塞速度的三个主要因素是驱动气体的声速、比热比以及驱动介质终态和初态的压力比,而泵管活塞的极限速度直接影响弹丸的最终发射速度。氢氧爆轰产物的气体性质与火药气体或高压气体相比其驱动活塞的能力具有非常明显的优势。通过110(泵管口径)/30mm(发射管口径)二级轻气炮发射平台,进行了一系列不同配比、不同初始压力的氢氧爆轰驱动发射实验,实验结果与理论计算结果一致,氢氧爆轰驱动的优势非常明显,目前发射速度已经突破8km/s。更多还原

【Abstract】 Multistage gas gun,as a hypervelocity launching platform,plays an important role in experiment research and verify,while there are need on space shield,space Geophysics and other areas. In this paper,the research present situation of gas gun both here and abroad was introduce,the two normal driving ways were analyzed,on merits and demerits and highest launching speed of gunpowder drive and high pressure gas drive. Based on one-dimensional isentropic flow theory,the equation of motion of piston in pump pipe was obtained,it is showed that the gas acoustic velocity,specific heat ratio,pressure ratio between before medium and after medium were the major factors effecting the piston velocity. Therefore,it would directly influence the final launching speed. Gases produced by oxyhydrogen detonation were much better than gases produced by gunpowder or high pressure gas. The experiments on two-stage gas gun proved that oxyhydrogen detonation driving had an enormous advantage and the launching speed was more than 8 km/s.更多还原